Concept of Apical Cells in Bryophytes and Pteridophytes

Gifford, Jr E M

doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.34.060183.002223

Cited by 69 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…This restriction in interpreting histone H2A expression as a cell division marker also holds true for histone H4. However, endoduplication of DNA does not seem to be a general feature of the vegetative shoot apex but is more likely a phenomenon associated with differentiated tissues (Gifford 1983). We conclude that differences in the expression pattern of histone H4 in the vegetative shoot apex indeed reflect changes in the rate and distribution of cell divisions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

The pattern of histone H4 expression in the tomato shoot apex changes during development

Brandstädter

Rossbach

Theres

1993

Planta

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Abstract. Two histone H4 cDNA clones were isolated from a tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) shoot-tip cDNA library using a heterologous probe from barley (Hordeum vulgate L.). Both cDNAs, which are 81% identical in the coding region, are polyadenylated and belong to a small gene family in the tomato genome. Histone H4 message is abundant in young tissues and rare in older tissues. In the shoot apical meristem, the distribution of H4-expressing cells changes during development. In a juvenile vegetative apex, H4 message is detectable in the central region and the peripheral parts of the meristem. In a mature vegetative apical meristem, H4-expressing cells are localized in the peripheral zone extending into the provascular strands and the rib meristem whereas the central zone is almost devoid of H4 mRNA. After floral transition, H4 mRNA is found throughout the floral meristem, indicating a second change in the pattern of H4 expression. The observed changes in H4 expression are indicative of changes in the distribution of mitotic activity in the shoot apical meristem during plant development. In addition, H4-expressing cells were found to occur frequently in clusters, which may indicate a partial synchronization of cell divisions in the shoot apex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

The pattern of histone H4 expression in the tomato shoot apex changes during development

Brandstädter

Rossbach

Theres

1993

Planta

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“…Numerous earlier studies of pteridophytes have described the cellular basis of development in roots with single apical cells (e.g., Chiang and Gifford 1971;Gunning et al 1978;Gunning 1982;Gifford 1983Gifford , 1991Gifford , 1993Lin and Raghavan 1991). A consistent theme in these studies concerns the relatively striking level of anatomical precision that characterizes organ development in these non-seed vascular plants.…”

Section: Ceratopteris Root Development In Relation To Other Pteridophmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Seed plant roots typically have numerous apical initials (e.g., four in A. thaliana, Dolan et al 1993) from which cells of the root originate. In contrast, the non-seed plant root apical meristem commonly has a single root apical cell (RAC; Bierhorst 1971;Gifford 1983;Gifford and Foster 1989). Consequently, clonally related cell packets called merophytes (Gunning 1982;Gifford 1993) that arise from individual derivatives of the RAC can be clearly identified within developing roots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental anatomy of the fifth shoot-borne root in young sporophytes of Ceratopteris richardii

Hou

Hill

2004

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Young sporophytes of the homosporous fern Ceratopteris richardii produce a single shoot-borne root below each leaf. The developmental anatomy of the fifth sporophyte root is described using scanning electron microscopy and histological techniques. Three merophyte orthostichies in the body of the root originate from three proximal division faces of a tetrahedral root apical cell. Eight or nine divisions occur in a relatively regular sequence within each merophyte and produce a characteristic radial anatomical pattern in the root. The exact number of early divisions within a merophyte depends on the merophyte's position within the root as a whole. Predictable inter-merophyte differences arise because a 2-fold (diarch) anatomical symmetry that is characteristic of mature roots is superimposed on a 3-fold radial symmetry that originates behind the apical cell. Before early formative divisions within a merophyte are completed, additional proliferative divisions begin to increase the number of cells within previously established tissue zones. The cellular parameters of early fifth root development in C. richardii are relatively invariant, and are reminiscent of patterns previously described for the heterosporous fern Azolla. Young sporophytes of C. richardii provide a useful model to further investigate the genetic regulation of root development in a non-seed plant, where the anatomy of meristem organization differs from that seen in flowering plant species.

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“…This concept of the seed plant meristem has permeated the field and has been integral for unraveling the molecular genetics of its function (Gaillochet et al, 2015). Cytohistochemical analyses of fern meristems have also shown that the fern meristem is multicellular with zonation (McAlpin & White, 1974;Stevenson, 1976aStevenson, , 1978Gifford, 1983;White & Turner, 1995). However, the classical idea that the fern meristem is composed of a single or a few apical cell initials remains a prevailing view in books and developmental genetic studies (Harrison et al, 2005;Sano et al, 2005;Tomescu, 2010;Schneider, 2013;Banks, 2015;Frank et al, 2015;Plant Ontology Consortium (POC), 2015;Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike older references that focused on the anatomy of fern meristems (McAlpin & White, 1974;Bierhorst, 1977;Gifford, 1983), these more recent references do not go into careful detail in their definition of the meristem. However, many of the citations that do include a definition simply refer to the large apical initial or initials and do not discuss the fern meristem as multicellular with zonation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%