Concentrations of Metals in Tissues of Cockle Anadara granosa (Linnaeus, 1758) from East Java Coast, Indonesia, and Potential Risks to Human Health

Abstract

This study reports the presence of Cd, Pb, Zn, Hg, Cu, and Cr in the cockles (Anadara granosa, Linnaeus, 1758) harvested along the East Java Coast, Indonesia. The concentrations of metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrometer and expressed in mg kg -1 wet weight. The concentrations of metals ranged from 0.11 to 0.82 mg kg −1 for Cd, 0.10 to 0.54 mg kg −1 for Pb, 10.22 to 19.04 mg kg −1 for Zn, 0.02 to 1.47 mg kg −1 for Hg, 1.79 to 4.76 mg kg −1 for Cu, and 1.64 to 3.79 mg kg −1 for Cr. The metal concentrations in the whole tissues of cockles were in the order Zn>Cu>Cr>Hg>Cd>Pb. The Cd and Pb levels in cockles were found to be higher than the permissible limit for human consumption according to EC and FAO; the levels of Hg exceeded the EC, Hong Kong, Australia, and Indonesia standards; and the levels of Cr exceeded the Hong Kong standard. The estimated weekly intake (EWI) of cockles indicates that the concentrations of Cd and Hg in the cockle tissues from Gresik were higher than the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI); meanwhile, the concentrations of Cr of cockles from all locations were higher than and close to the PTWI. The THQ values for Cd at Gresik, for Hg at Gresik, Surabaya, and Pasuruan, and for Cr at all locations were higher than one indicating that these metals pose potential noncarcinogenic effects to consumers. Reducing the consumption of cockles should be done in order to minimize the adverse effects of metals especially Cd, Hg, and Cr to human health.

Potensi Risiko Kesehatan Manusia Akibat Konsumsi Perna viridis yang Mengandung Kadmium

“…Penilaian THQ bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kemungkinan dampak buruk yang timbul akibat mengkonsumsi makanan laut yang tercemar oleh suatu jenis logam.Nilai bahaya target atau Targer Hazard Quotient makanan terhadap logam berat dapat dihitung menggunakan rumus berikut (Soegianto et al, 2020). Potensi Risiko Kesehatan Manusia Akibat Konsumsi Perna viridis (F. Ghifari et al) Hasil analisis kandungan logam berat Cd dalam air cenderung lebih besar pada bulan Januari 2021, hal ini diduga karena perbedaan cuaca pada saat pengambilan sampel air.…”

Asupan Aman Konsumsi Logam Cu Pada Kerang Darah dari Tempat Pelelangan Ikan Tambak Lorok, Semarang

“…Pengujian logam berat Cu dilakukan sesuai ketentuan SNI 01-2896-1992 menggunakan alat ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma). Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan rumus EDI (Estimated Daily Intake) dan THQ (Target Hazard Quotient) (Soegianto et al, 2020).…”

“…Estimasi asupan harian pada Tabel 2. dihitung dengan ketentuan untuk orang dewasa dengan berat badan rata-rata 60 kg yang mengkonsumsi jaringan lunak A. granosa sebanyak 140 g per hari selama kurun waktu 30 tahun (Soegianto et al, 2020). Hasil perhitungan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa asupan harian maksimum logam Cu yang dapat dikonsumsi oleh manusia dengan rata-rata berat badan 60 kg berada di kisaran 1,65-5.15 µg/kg/hari.…”

“…Perhitungan pada Tabel 3. diperoleh berdasarkan Soegianto et al (2020) dimana ratarata berat-badan manusia dewasa yaitu 60 kg yang mengkonsumsi jaringan lunak A. granosa sebanyak 140 g/hari selama 30 tahun dengan frekuensi konsumsi 365 hari/tahun. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan yang disajikan pada Tabel 3., diketahui bahwa nilai THQ pada semua sampel jaringan lunak A. granosa yang diperoleh pada 4 bulan pengambilan sampel di Perairan Tambak Lorok Semarang menunjukkan nilai di bawah 1.…”

ENDOPARASITES INFECTION IN BLOOD COCKLE (Anadara granosa) IN ACEH BESAR WATERS, INDONESIA

“…Among them was a study with collected data on blood cockles found in coastal waters and aquaculture ponds in the Gulf of Thailand (Theerachat and Glinwong, 2020). Other studies included descriptions and challenges of blood cockle cultivation in Malaysia (Saffian et al, 2020), microplastic concentrations in blood cockles found in Pandeglang Banten Indonesia (Ukhrowi et al, 2021), the concentration of heavy metals in blood cockles found on the coast of East Java and potential risks to human health (Soegianto et al, 2020), the health status of blood cockles in cultivation ponds in Malacca Strait (Mohamat-Yusuff et al, 2020), the economic potential of blood cockles in Riau province (Yulinda et al, 2020), and lastly studies on the bio-ecological aspects and reproductive biology of blood cockles (Khalil et al, 2017;Sulistiyaningsih and Arbi, 2020). Parasites are a type of infectious disease that attack many fishery commodities both in nature and in cultivated environments.…”