Concentrations of Major Ions in Waters of Inland Shrimp Farms in China, Ecuador, Thailand, and the United States

Chelated Potassium and Arginine Supplementation in Diets of Pacific White Shrimp Reared in Low‐Salinity Waters of West Alabama

“…Inland shrimp farming in low-salinity well waters (LSWW) is a growing industry in the United States and various other countries around the world (Boyd and Thunjai 2003;Saoud et al 2003;McNevin et al 2004). Inland aquaculture of marine species is desirable for many reasons, notably biosecurity, reduced property prices, and availability of saline waters that are unsuitable for traditional agriculture (Hopkins et al 1996).…”

“…Inland aquaculture of marine species is desirable for many reasons, notably biosecurity, reduced property prices, and availability of saline waters that are unsuitable for traditional agriculture (Hopkins et al 1996). However, previous research showed that inland well waters were generally very low in salinity and had ionic compositions that were significantly different from those of seawater (Boyd and Thunjai 2003;Saoud et al 2003). Moreover, potassium (K þ ) was deficient in the majority of these waters (Saoud et al 2003;McGraw and Scarpa 2003;McNevin et al 2004).…”

Production and management of shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) in co culture with basil (Ocimum basilicum) using two sources of low salinity water

“…The alkalinity (as CaCO3) measured in GW exceeds the minimum concentration required (75 mg L -1 ) for the good development of P. vannamei in low-salinity water (Roy et al, 2010). The high concentration of Ca +2 and the low concentration of Cl -are characteristic of most groundwater around the world (Boyd & Thunjai, 2003;Roy et al, 2010;Mariscal-Lagarda et al, 2012). DSW obviously shows the ionic proportions of typical seawater; in contrast, the GW was an ionic ratio different to seawater, particularly for Ca/K and Na/K; Cl -and Na + were in deficiency, and Mg +2 and Ca +2 in excess in comparison to seawater (Table 2).…”

Effects of Temperature and pH on the Growth of Sargassum linearifolium and S. podacanthum in Potassium-Fortified Inland Saline Water

“…The K + deficiency is in common in Australia and USA (Ingram et al, 2002;Boyd and Thunjai, 2003) although the ionic profile of ISW can be similar to OW at the same salinity ). Therefore, ISW should be fortified with K + at similar or about 33-66% of the K + concentration in OW at the same salinity for proper growth of S. linearifolium and Lomentaria sp., respectively (Bui et al, 2017a;2017b).…”