Concentrations of Free Fatty Acids in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood During Elective Caesarean Section

Elphick, Martin; Hull, D; Sanders, R. R.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1976.tb00882.x

Cited by 50 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Another possibility that could explain the lower enrichment in placental NEFA than in cord plasma NEFA would be a methodological error, since part of the placental PL might have been hydrolyzed by phospholipase A2 of the placenta (23) and have diluted the tracer in the NEFA fraction during the time span between delivery and sample freezing. However, the placental samples we studied were obtained and frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after cesarean section, thus we assume that lipolysis should be minimal (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo investigation of the placental transfer of 13C-labeled fatty acids in humans

Larqué¹,

Demmelmair²,

Berger

et al. 2003

Journal of Lipid Research

113

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo investigation of the placental transfer of 13C-labeled fatty acids in humans

Larqué¹,

Demmelmair²,

Berger

et al. 2003

Journal of Lipid Research

113

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“…In previous investigations (Edson et al 1975;Elphick et al 1976) we demonstrated a rapid flux across the placenta of FFA with prevailing maternal levels determining the net flow to the foetus. This investigation has extended these observations by examining the differences in the transport across the rabbit placenta of the main fatty acids present in foetal adipose tissue.…”

Section: Checking Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurements on umbilical blood samples from sheep did not show a net flux in either direction (James, Meschia & Battaglia, 1971). In rabbits and man the umbilical venous-arterial difference varied directly with the maternal FFA blood concentrations (Elphick et al 1975;Elphick et al 1976;Aabata, Wolf & Lausmann, 1968). This would suggest that one factor determining the transfer of fatty acids from the mother to the foetus is the concentration on the maternal side of the placenta.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, fatty acids can be transferred across the placenta in both directions. Measurements of the difference in concentration of free fatty acids (FFA) in umbilical arterial and venous blood have indicated a net flux of fatty acids to the foetus in rabbits (Elphick et al 1975) and man (Persson & Tunnell, 1971;Sheath, Grimwade, Waldron, Bickley, Taft & Wood 1972;Elphick, Hull & Sanders, 1976). Measurements on umbilical blood samples from sheep did not show a net flux in either direction (James, Meschia & Battaglia, 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The transfer of free fatty acids across the rabbit placenta.

Elphick¹,

Hull²

1977

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The passage of fatty acids across the placenta was studied in 28 day pregnant rabbits (i) by comparing the fatty acid distribution in plasma free fatty acids (FFA) of umbilical cord artery and vein with that in maternal plasma and (ii) by infusing the doe at a constant rate with labelled palmitic, linoleic or arachidonic acids. During the infusion maternal and foetal plasma FFA specific activities were measured.2. The mean levels of all the fatty acids studied (from twelve to twenty carbon atoms) were similar in both the umbilical vein plasma and maternal arterial plasma FFA, except for arachidonic acid, which was higher in foetal blood. The relative distribution of the fatty acids in umbilical arterial plasma was similar to that in the vein, but at lower concentrations. The mean cord venous-arterial difference for each fatty acid correlated positively with the mean maternal arterial levels, with the exception of arachidonic acid.3. During the constant infusion experiments the specific activities of the fatty acids in the maternal and foetal circulating FFA pools rose rapidly during the first 4 min then rose only slowly. Palmitic and linoleic acids were cleared from the maternal circulation in a similar manner and crossed the placenta at similar rates.4. The average foetal specific activity in plasma FFA reached 15 % of the maternal level for both palmitate and linoleate. The figure for arachidonic acid was half that for palmitic acid infused at the same time.5. It is concluded that (i) all the major fatty acids present in foetal adipose tissue cross the placenta, (ii) the net transport of each fatty acid depends in part on maternal concentrations, (iii) the rate of metabolism of palmitic and linoleic acids is the same and both cross the placenta at the same rate. Proportionately less foetal arachidonic acid is derived from maternal FFA, and (iv) the results suggest a second placental source of arachidonic acid and possibly also of other fatty acids.

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“…Therefore, the elevated matemal FFA levels (Burt, 1960;Elphick et al, 1976;Ogburn et al, 1980), partially displacing the drugs from albumin binding sites, make a greater free fraction of the drugs available for transfer through the placental membranes (Kuhnz & Nau, 1983). On the foetal side of the placental membranes, protein binding of D and DD is increased as compared to the maternal side.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased serum protein binding of diazepam and its major metabolite in the neonate during the first postnatal week relate to increased free fatty acid levels.

Nau¹,

Luck²,

Kuhnz³

1984

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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The protein binding of diazepam (D) and its major active metabolite N-desmethyl diazepam (DD) was investigated in vitro in the serum of 14 mothers at birth, 21 foetuses at birth, in 100 neonates between 1 and 11 days of age and in 16 control subjects. The free (unbound) fractions of D and DD in the foetus were similar to those in the controls, but lower than those in the mothers. During the first day of life the free fractions of D and DD doubled in the neonates and subsequently declined slowly to reach near control levels at 1 week of age.The sharp increase and slow decrease of the free fractions of D and DD during the first postnatal week was closely paralleled by sharply increasing and decreasing free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations. Bilirubin and albumin levels were of lower importance in regard to the protein binding of D and DD.These results indicate that the greatly increased FFA levels shortly after birth result in increased free fractions of D and DD. Because of the known immaturity of the neonatal hepatic elimination capacity, these elevated free fractions may result in elevated free concentrations of the two compounds, which may help to explain the adverse effects observed clinically in some D-exposed neonates.

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Concentrations of Free Fatty Acids in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood During Elective Caesarean Section

Cited by 50 publications

References 19 publications

In vivo investigation of the placental transfer of 13C-labeled fatty acids in humans

In vivo investigation of the placental transfer of 13C-labeled fatty acids in humans

The transfer of free fatty acids across the rabbit placenta.

Decreased serum protein binding of diazepam and its major metabolite in the neonate during the first postnatal week relate to increased free fatty acid levels.

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