Concentrations of copper, zinc and lead as indicators of hearth usage at the Roman town of Calleva Atrebatum (Silchester, Hampshire, UK)

Cook, Samantha R.; Banerjea, Rowena; Marshall, L.-J.; Fulford, Michael; Clarke, Alan; Zwieten, Cindy van

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2009.11.017

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…It has been applied to identify activity areas within houses (Middleton and Price 1996) and intra-site organisation of space (Misarti et al 2011;Vittori Antisari et al 2013); intra site analysis of metalworking residues (Cook 2005;Carey and Juleff 2013), intra-feature analysis (Cook 2010) and intra feature analysis combined with soil micromorphology (Macphail and Crowther 2008).…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical survey and metalworking: analysis of chemical residues derived from experimental non-ferrous metallurgical processes in a reconstructed roundhouse

Carey

Wickstead

Juleff

et al. 2014

Journal of Archaeological Science

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Geochemical survey and metalworking: analysis of chemical residues derived from experimental nonferrous metallurgical processes in a reconstructed roundhouse, Journal of Archaeological Science (2014Science ( ), doi: 10.1016Science ( /j.jas.2014 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT *principle author for correspondenceAbstract: Geochemical survey is becoming a more frequently applied tool for site specific archaeological investigation. It has the potential to integrate site prospection and excavation data with post excavation artefact analysis, unifying two stages of the archaeological process. In the field of archaeometallurgy this is particularly relevant as sites of metalworking are liable to produce high geochemical loadings, related to the manufacture of metal goods and associated waste products such as slags. This paper describes the geochemical survey of an 'experiential' metalworking area within a reconstructed roundhouse, identifying geochemical enhancements associated with bronze and lead working. The geochemical survey of the roundhouse clearly defines areas of metalworking that can be related to recollected episodes of metalworking and quantifies the spatial distribution and absolute geochemical loadings from this activity. Consideration is given to how such geochemical enhancements should be archaeologically interpreted and whether geochemistry should be viewed as a micro-artefact and dealt with in a context specific way. It is suggested that geochemical survey can play an important role in defining evidence of metallurgy in archaeological investigations, particularly where such evidence remains elusive, e.g. the British Bronze Age.Keywords: metallurgy, geochemistry, metal pollution, spatial survey, GIS IntroductionGeochemical survey is becoming a more widely practised technique within archaeological research (Oonk et al. 2009a;Wilson 2009), which has the potential to identify evidence of anthropogenic activity that is otherwise invisible to conventional archaeological methods, i.e. the hidden site, context or landscape (Heron 2001). Despite this potential, geochemical survey has yet to establish itself as a technique that can consistently offer results demonstrably linked to human activities within the archaeological record (Oonk et al. 2009b), partly due to the difficulty in interpreting multifaceted geochemical data; "because of the complexity of site use history and the effects of post depositional processes" (Wilson et al. 2008). Archaeological geochemical survey has been applied on a variety of scales, ranging M A N ...

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Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical survey and metalworking: analysis of chemical residues derived from experimental non-ferrous metallurgical processes in a reconstructed roundhouse

Carey

Wickstead

Juleff

et al. 2014

Journal of Archaeological Science

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“…Besides ancient mining (Irabien, Cearreta, & Urteaga, ; Knabb et al, ), preindustrial urban activities can also result in soil contamination. Several studies have been performed gaining insight in the historical pollution in urban contexts abroad (Borderie, ; Cook et al, ; Golding, ; Hudson‐Edwards, Macklin, Finlayson, & Passmore, ; Macphail, Crowther, & Cruise, ).…”

Section: The Present: Key Issues and Current Debatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban geoarchaeology in Belgium: Experiences and innovations

2019

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Geoarchaeological research in urban contexts is a relatively recent development in Belgian geoarchaeology, with pioneering studies dating back to the 1990s. In the beginning of the 21st century, a specific research protocol was developed in Brussels, and in the last years, there have been several attempts to apply a similar approach to urban contexts in Flanders and occasionally in Wallonia. Current debates in urban geoarchaeology mainly focus on: The study of site stratigraphy (microstratified layers and Dark Earths) The impact of urbanization on the soil Rivers in towns Reconstruction of the ancient relief and its modifications through time Soil erosion and soil protection Ancient soil pollution The integration of geoarchaeology with other archaeo‐environmental studies (archaeobotany, archaeozoology, etc.) Key themes for the future development of Belgian urban geoarchaeology include the in situ preservation of sites; a further integration with other methods and method development; systematic studies producing topographical insight and mapping; and synthesis work on critical issues.

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“…This resulted in the analysis of soils associated with archaeological sites for an increased number of elements potentially indicative of human activity (Middleton, ) Today, more than 20 elements have been found to be indicators of anthropogenic activity at specific sites over a wide range of archaeological contexts. Applications include distinguishing past domestic and agricultural activities (Davidson, Dercon, Stewart, & Watson, ), archaeological prospection (Aston, Martin, & Jackson, ; Bintliff, Davies, Gaffney, Snodgrass, & Waters, ; Entwistle, Abrahams, & Dodgshon, ; Schlezinger & Howes, ), interpretation of space use (Cook et al., ; Cook, Clarke, & Fulford, ; Cook, Kovacevich, Beach, & Bishop, ), locating middens (Beck, ), inhumations and differentiated burial sites (Bethell & Carver, ; Sampiettro & Vattuone, ), and identifying metal accumulation derived locally from ancient mining or mineral processing operations (Dunster & Dungworth, ; Dunster, Dungworth, & Lowerre, ; Grattan, Gilbertson, & Kent, ; Maskall, Whitehead, Gee, & Thornton, ; Maskall, Whitehead, & Thornton, ; Mighall, Grattan, Lees, Timberlake, & Forsyth, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of high‐resolution Mobile Metal Ion (MMI) soil geochemistry to archaeological investigations: An example from a Roman metal working site, Somerset, United Kingdom

Sylvester

Mann²,

Rate

et al. 2017

Geoarchaeology

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An innovative application of Mobile Metal Ion (MMI) partial extraction soil geochemistry is used to identify below‐surface archaeological features, using a previously incompletely surveyed Roman metal‐working site at St. Algar's Farm, Somerset, as a case study. Soil samples were taken and analyzed for 53 elements by the MMI geochemical method. Lead, Tl, Ba, and Zn were found in very high concentrations and the sensitivity of the technique also enabled Ag, Au, and Sn to be measured in anomalous concentrations. Elemental maps accurately outlined known metal working areas. Principal component analysis and bivariate correlations identified two suites of associated elements: Pb, Ba, Tl, Ag, Au, Cu, Sb, the base and noble metal group (BNM), and Fe, Ti, Nb, Mn, Co, Cu, P, Li, Rb, Sc, Cs, K, Ga, P, Zr, Th, and Sn, the pegmatite (PEG) group. These were used to form indices that delineate the metal working area and areas possibly related to the processing of pegmatite containing Sn. The high‐sensitivity MMI data were compared with strong acid digest results from a limited number of the MMI samples; the MMI data showed better geochemical contrast than the strong acid results. Multielement statistical similarity comparisons with off‐site samples suggest likely sources for the Pb and Sn used at the St. Algar's site. The increased sensitivity of MMI soil analysis combined with the multielement capacity allows a more detailed archaeological interpretation.

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Concentrations of copper, zinc and lead as indicators of hearth usage at the Roman town of Calleva Atrebatum (Silchester, Hampshire, UK)

Cited by 28 publications

References 7 publications

Geochemical survey and metalworking: analysis of chemical residues derived from experimental non-ferrous metallurgical processes in a reconstructed roundhouse

Geochemical survey and metalworking: analysis of chemical residues derived from experimental non-ferrous metallurgical processes in a reconstructed roundhouse

Urban geoarchaeology in Belgium: Experiences and innovations

Application of high‐resolution Mobile Metal Ion (MMI) soil geochemistry to archaeological investigations: An example from a Roman metal working site, Somerset, United Kingdom

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