Concentration of rotavirus and enteroviruses from blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus)

Seidel, Karsten; Goyal, Sagar M.; Rao, V. Chalapati; Melnick, Joseph L.

doi:10.1128/aem.46.6.1293-1296.1983

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…The sensitivity and detection level are deemed sufficient for recovering the low numbers reported in shellfish, i.e., <23 PFU per 10 g of shellfish (4, 6, 9). Although our results were centered around only one rotavirus strain, SA-11 (because it is readily cultured and has been used as a model rotavirus by others [16,17,19,20,22]), several experiments with human strain Wa indicated a similar tendency to be less efficiently acid precipitated from water and oyster samples than was poliovirus (data not shown). A true test of the described preferred method would be to use natural fecal isolates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…ND, Not done. No 77 (69-100) 80 (69-100) 14 (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) a Oyster samples (40 to 100 g) were inoculated with 20 to 2,000 PFU of virus, diluted 1:1 with water, and adjusted to pH 8.9. Catfloc was added if indicated, and the samples were centrifuged.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rotavirus (strain SA-11 as a model) has been studied extensively in water and sewage (16,17,20,22) but very little in shellfish (19). Several methods have been described for recovering enteroviruses from shellfish, but there is no apparent consensus as to their suitability.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Methods for recovering poliovirus and rotavirus from oysters

Speirs

Pontefract

Harwig

1987

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Polioviruses and rotaviruses are potential indicators of sewage pollution of water and shellfish. Several methods for detecting these viruses in oysters were assessed. Elution-precipitation involving Catfloc for clarification and skim milk for subsequent flocculation resulted in the recovery of an average of 79% of poliovirus type 1 and 37% of rotavirus SA-li from oyster homogenates inoculated with low numbers of these viruses. Adsorption-elution-precipitation did not improve the recovery of poliovirus and was detrimental to the recovery of rotavirus. Ultrafiltration or ultracentrifugation resulted in improved recovery of rotavirus but also in higher toxicity of oyster extracts to cell cultures. We recommend the use of the described elutionprecipitation method for detecting viral pollutants in samples of oysters.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methods for recovering poliovirus and rotavirus from oysters

Speirs

Pontefract

Harwig

1987

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…CA9, coxsackievirus B2, and EC6, which had been inhibited in previous studies with polymers Cliver 1969, 1970), were not affected by the Cat-Floc. A number of other groups have since used Cat-Floc in extracting viruses from mollusks, crustacea, and estuarine sediments (Johnson et al 1981;Landry et al 1982;Richards et al 1982;Seidel et al 1983;Wait and Sobsey 1983).…”

Section: Food Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Days of Food and Environmental Virology

Cliver

2010

Food Environ Virol

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In July 1962, the author joined the Food Research Institute (FRI), then at the University of Chicago, to become its food virologist. There was a limited record of waterborne viral disease outbreaks at the time; recorded data on foodborne outbreaks were fewer still. Laboratory environmental (water and wastewater) virology was in its infancy, and food virology was in gestation. Detection of viruses was most often attempted by inoculation of primary primate cell cultures, with observation for plaque formation or cytopathic effects. Focus was initially on enteroviruses and reoviruses. Environmental and food samples had to be liquefied if not already in liquid form; clarified to remove solids, bacteria, and fungi; and concentrated to a volume that could be tested in cell culture. Cytotoxicity was also a concern. Studies at the FRI and some other laboratories addressed all of these challenges. The FRI group was the World Health Organization’s Collaborating Center for Food Virology for many years. Other topics studied were virus inactivation as functions of temperature, time, matrix, disinfectants, and microbial action; peroral and ex-vivo infectivity; and the suitability of various virus surrogates for environmental monitoring and inactivation experiments. Detection of noroviruses and hepatitis A virus required molecular methods, most often RT-PCR. When it was found that inactivated virus often gave the same RT-PCR signal as that of infectious virus, sample treatments were sought, which would prevent false-positive test results. Many laboratories around the world have taken up food and environmental virology since 1962, with the result that a dedicated journal has been launched.

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“…Viral infections are common in crustaceans. For instance, penaeid shrimp are infected by at least 20 viruses (Johnson et al, 1989(Johnson et al, , 1999, while blue crabs are infected naturally or experimentally by rotavirus, enterovirus, Newcastle disease virus, and poliovirus (McCumber and Clem, 1977;Seidel et al, 1983). In comparison with vertebrates, invertebrates do not produce specific antibodies (Schapiro, 1975), and therefore may rely on innate defense for protection against viruses (Schnapp et al, 1996).…”

Section: O6er6iew Of the Crustacean Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate antiviral defenses in body fluids and tissues

et al. 2000

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Innate, non-specific, resistance mechanisms are important barriers to pathogens, particularly delaying virus multiplication at the onset of infections. These innate defense mechanisms include a series of mechanical barriers, pre-existing inhibitory molecules, and cellular responses with antimicrobial activity. The antiviral activities of these innate inhibitors reside in a variety of partly characterized substances. This review presents the innate antiviral inhibitors in cell cultures, urine, serum, the gastrointestinal tract, the nervous system, tissues of crustaceans, and saliva. Medical adaptation of the innate antiviral defense mechanisms may be useful for prevention and treatment of viral infections.

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Concentration of rotavirus and enteroviruses from blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus)

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Methods for recovering poliovirus and rotavirus from oysters

Methods for recovering poliovirus and rotavirus from oysters

Early Days of Food and Environmental Virology

Innate antiviral defenses in body fluids and tissues

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