Concentration of Chlortetracycline in the Blood of Yellow-Crowned Amazon Parrots Fed Medicated Pelleted Feeds

Landgraf, Wynne W.; Ross, Paul F.; Cassidy, D. R.; Clubb, Susan L.

doi:10.2307/1590019

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Select a pellet size appropriate for the size of bird being treated. 137,138 A special diet might be necessary for lories and lorikeets, which feed on nectar and fruit in the wild. 139…”

Section: Alternative Treatment Regimens For Psittacine Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compendium of Measures to ControlChlamydia psittaciInfection Among Humans (Psittacosis) and Pet Birds (Avian Chlamydiosis), 2017

Balsamo¹,

Maxted²,

Midla³

et al. 2017

Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery

151

168

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Psittacosis, also known as parrot fever and ornithosis, is a bacterial infection that can cause severe pneumonia and other serious health problems in humans. It is caused by Chlamydia psittaci. Reclassification of the order Chlamydiales in 1999 into 2 genera (Chlamydia and Chlamydophila) was not wholly accepted or adopted. This resulted in a reversion to the single, original genus Chlamydia, which now encompasses all 9 species including Chlamydia psittaci. During 2003-2014, 112 human cases of psittacosis were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through the Nationally Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. While many types of birds can be infected by C psittaci, in general, the literature suggests that human cases can most often occur after exposure to infected parrot-type birds kept as pets, especially cockatiels, parakeets, and conures. In birds, C psittaci infection is referred to as avian chlamydiosis. Infected birds shed the bacteria through feces and nasal discharges, and humans become infected from exposure to these materials. This compendium provides information about psittacosis and avian chlamydiosis to public health officials, physicians, veterinarians, the pet bird industry, and others concerned with controlling these diseases and protecting public health. The recommendations in this compendium provide standardized procedures to control C psittaci infections. This document will be reviewed and revised as necessary, and the most current version replaces all previous versions. This document was last revised in 2010. Major changes in this version include a recommendation for a shorter treatment time for birds with avian chlamydiosis, additional information about diagnostic testing, including genotyping, clearer language associated with personal protective equipment recommended for those caring for confirmed or exposed birds, and incorporating a grading scale with recommendations generally based on the United States Preventive Services Task Force's methods.

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“…Select a pellet size appropriate for the size of bird being treated. 137,138 A special diet might be necessary for lories and lorikeets, which feed on nectar and fruit in the wild. 139…”

Section: Alternative Treatment Regimens For Psittacine Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compendium of Measures to ControlChlamydia psittaciInfection Among Humans (Psittacosis) and Pet Birds (Avian Chlamydiosis), 2017

Balsamo¹,

Maxted²,

Midla³

et al. 2017

Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery

151

168

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Select a pellet size appropriate for the size of bird being treated. 14,15 • A special diet might be necessary for lories and lorikeets, which feed on nectar and fruit in the wild. 16 E Ex xp pe er ri im me en nt ta al l M Me et th ho od ds s Treatment protocols that use late-generation macrolides and pharmacist-compounded injectable doxycycline are under investigation.…”

Section: Additional Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compendium of measures to control Chlamydophila psittaci (formerly Chlamydia psittaci) infection among humans (psittacosis) and pet birds, 2005

Smith

Bradley²,

Stobierski³

et al. 2005

javma

123

125

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Psittacosis, also known as parrot fever and ornithosis, is a bacterial infection of humans that can cause severe pneumonia and other serious health problems. It is caused by Chlamydophila psittaci, formerly known as Chlamydia psittaci. From 1988 through 2003, 935 human cases of psittacosis were reported to the CDC and most resulted from exposure to infected pet birds, usually cockatiels, parakeets, parrots, and macaws. In birds, C. psittaci infection is referred to as avian chlamydiosis. Infected birds shed the bacteria through feces and nasal discharges, and humans become infected from exposure to these materials. This compendium provides information about psittacosis and avian chlamydiosis to public health officials, physicians, veterinarians, the pet bird industry, and others concerned with controlling these diseases and protecting public health. The recommendations in this compendium provide standardized procedures for controlling avian chlamydiosis in birds, a vital step to protecting human health. This document will be reviewed and revised as necessary.

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“…are susceptible to a wide range of antibacterial drugs during their replication (Jacoby, 1978;Henning & Krauss, 1986;Duchow, 1990;Gerbermann & Janeczek, 1991;Lindenstruth, 1992); xiii. are not affected by any drug if replication does not occur in vivo (Landgraf et al, 1982;Butaye et al, 1997;Kaleta et al, 1998); xiv. are not capable to induce long-lasting immunity in an reconvalescent vertebrate host (Meyer, 1965;Page, 1978a;Andersen et al, 1997;Nerom et al, 1998); and xv.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian host range of Chlamydophila spp. based on isolation, antigen detection and serology

2003

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Published reports and our own diagnostic data on the avian host range of avian Chlamydophila spp. are presented in an attempt to provide evidence for the large number of bird species that have been naturally infected with chlamydia. The term 'chlamydia-positive' is based on either isolation of the organism and antigen detection or on serological detection of circulating antibodies. The list of chlamydia-positive birds contains the six major domestic species (chicken, turkey, Pekin duck, Muscovy duck, goose, and pigeon), the three minor domestic species (Japanese quail, bobwhite quail, and peafowl) and a total of 460 free-living or pet bird species in 30 orders. The order Psittaciformes contains by far the most (153 of 342; 45%) chlamydia-positive bird species. More than 20% of all species per order are positive for chlamydia in the orders Lariformes (gulls, 26 of 92 species; 28%), Alciformes (alks, six of 23 species; 26%), Sphenisciformes (penguins, four of 16 species; 25%), and Anseriformes (ducks and geese, 33 of 157 species; 21%). Only 5% of all bird species (14 of 259 species) in the order Phasianiformes (gallinaceus birds) are chlamydia-positive. The different percentages of chlamydia-positive bird species reflect: (i) a high rate of investigations (e.g. of domestic birds) compared with infrequent testing (e.g. of Charadriiformes or Cuculiformes), (ii) frequent zoonotic implications (e.g. psittacine and columbiform birds), and (iii) an assumed high susceptibility to infection and subsequent seroconversion (e.g. waterfowl).

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Concentration of Chlortetracycline in the Blood of Yellow-Crowned Amazon Parrots Fed Medicated Pelleted Feeds

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Compendium of Measures to ControlChlamydia psittaciInfection Among Humans (Psittacosis) and Pet Birds (Avian Chlamydiosis), 2017

Compendium of Measures to ControlChlamydia psittaciInfection Among Humans (Psittacosis) and Pet Birds (Avian Chlamydiosis), 2017

Compendium of measures to control Chlamydophila psittaci (formerly Chlamydia psittaci) infection among humans (psittacosis) and pet birds, 2005

Avian host range of Chlamydophila spp. based on isolation, antigen detection and serology

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