Concentration of 14 Steroid Hormones in Human Amniotic Fluid of Midpregnancy*

Forest, Maguelone G.; Peretti, E de; Lecoq, Annick; Cadillon, E; Zabot, M. T.; Thoulon, J M

doi:10.1210/jcem-51-4-816

Cited by 64 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…One explanation for this finding might be a growth-stimulating effect of androgens, or Y-chromosome-related genes. Another explanation could be that during foetal life testosterone levels are significantly higher in boys than in girls [27,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kidney growth curves in healthy children from the third trimester of pregnancy until the age of two years. The Generation R Study

et al. 2010

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Information about growth of kidney structures in early life is limited. In a population-based prospective cohort study, from foetal life onwards, we constructed reference curves for kidney growth from the third trimester of pregnancy until early childhood, using data from 1,158 healthy children. Kidney size, defined as length, width, depth and volume, was measured in the third trimester of pregnancy and at the postnatal ages of 6 months and 24 months. Analyses were based on more than 2,500 kidney measurements. In the third trimester of pregnancy and at 6 months of age all kidney measurements were larger in boys than in girls. At 24 months of age, these gender differences were only significant for left kidney structures and right kidney length. Both groups showed trends towards smaller left kidney measurements than right kidney measurements at all ages. Gender-specific reference curves based on post-conceptional and postnatal ages were constructed for left and right kidney length, width, depth and volume. We concluded that kidney size is influenced by age and gender. Left kidney size tended to be smaller than right kidney size, except for kidney length. The reference curves can be used for assessing kidney structures by ultrasound in foetal life and early childhood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kidney growth curves in healthy children from the third trimester of pregnancy until the age of two years. The Generation R Study

et al. 2010

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“…Testosterone and estradiol were assayed in culture medium of sheep fetal gonads by specific radioimmunoassay after ethyl ether extraction followed by chromatographic purification on celite columns, as described (15,16).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Müllerian hormone produces endocrine sex reversal of fetal ovaries.

Vigier

Forest

Eychenne

et al. 1989

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

185

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We have previously reported that antiMullerian hormone (AMH), also known as Mfillerianinhibiting substance, the testicular glycoprotein involved in regression of the Mullerian ducts of the mnale fetus, induces the formation of seminiferous cord-like structures in fetal ovaries exposed to it in organ culture. We have now investigated the effect of bovine AMH, purified to homogeneity, on ovarian endocrine differentiation. Ovine fetal ovaries exposed to AMH release testosterone instead of estradiol, an endocrine sex reversal due to suppression of aromatase activity. AMH dramatically decreases the conversion rate of testosterone to estradiol and also decreases total aromatase activity, as measured by the tritiated water technique. AMH acts by decreasing aromatase biosynthesis rather than by blocking enzyme activity, as suggested by the relatively long period of AMH exposure required to produce an effect. In the rabbit fetal ovary, aromatase activity is AMH-responsive during the whole gestational period. The basal steroidogenic activity of rat fetal ovaries is extremely low but can be markedly increased by cAMP. AMH completely blocks the effect of cAMP. Taken together, our results suggest that AMH plays a pivotal role in both morphological and endocrine gonadal sex differentiation. New Zealand rabbits were sacrificed between day 16 and 28 of gestation. Prior to day 20, fetal sex was determined by a sex chromatin test performed on a fragment of the amniotic membrane (12); in older fetuses, sex was easily identified under the dissecting microscope. Wistar rat fetuses were used at 15 days postcoitum; sex was recognized macroscopically. Fetal age was counted from the day of mating, which was considered day 0.Reagents. Bovine AMH was purified by immunochromatography on a monoclonal antibody-conjugated matrix (3) and quantified by radioimmunoassay (13). Other unlabeled reagents were purchased from Sigma; [7-3H]testosterone (24.5 Ci/mmol; 1 Ci = 37 GBq) and [1,3,213-3H] Leshin et al. (14) to a specific activity of 23.2 Ci/mmol.Organ Culture. Fetal gonads were explanted in organ culture (7); they were separated from the mesonephros except in 29-day-old ovine fetal gonads, half of which were cultured together with the mesonephros. No difference was seen between gonads explanted with or without mesonephros, and the results were pooled. Culture medium was CMRL 1066 containing bovine serum albumin at 0.5 mg/ml and, for rat fetal gonads, 0.1 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine; 1 mM N6,02'-dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (Bt2-cAMP) was added to culture medium in some cases. One gonad was placed in control medium, and the other one was placed in medium containing purified bovine AMH (2.25-3 Abbreviations: AMH, anti-Mullerian hormone; Bt2cAMP, N6,02'-dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate. 3684The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact.

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“…The homogenates were then sonicated and transferred to glass tubes. The homogenates as well as the sera were extracted by 10 vol ethyl ether and purified on celite microcolumns as previously described (24). The fractions containing testosterone were measured by RIA as reported (24).…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal and cellular regulation of Sertoli cell anti-Müllerian hormone production in the postnatal mouse.

Al-Attar¹,

Noël²,

Dutertre³

et al. 1997

J. Clin. Invest.

210

152

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Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is secreted by immature testicular Sertoli cells. Clinical studies have demonstrated a negative correlation between serum AMH and testosterone in puberty but not in the neonatal period. We investigated AMH regulation using mouse models mimicking physiopathological situations observed in humans. In normal mice, intratesticular, not serum, testosterone repressed AMH synthesis, explaining why AMH is downregulated in early puberty when serum testosterone is still low. In neonatal mice, AMH was not inhibited by intratesticular testosterone, due to the lack of expression of the androgen receptor in Sertoli cells. We had shown previously that androgeninsensitive patients exhibit elevated AMH in coincidence with gonadotropin activation. In immature normal and in androgen-insensitive Tfm mice, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) administration resulted in elevation of AMH levels, indicating that AMH secretion is stimulated by FSH in the absence of the negative effect of androgens. The role of meiosis on AMH expression was investigated in Tfm and in pubertal XXSxr b mice, in which germ cells degenerate before meiosis. We show that meiotic entry acts in synergy with androgens to inhibit AMH. We conclude that AMH represents a useful marker of androgen and FSH action within the testis, as well as of the onset of meiosis. ( J. Clin.

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Concentration of 14 Steroid Hormones in Human Amniotic Fluid of Midpregnancy*

Cited by 64 publications

References 25 publications

Kidney growth curves in healthy children from the third trimester of pregnancy until the age of two years. The Generation R Study

Kidney growth curves in healthy children from the third trimester of pregnancy until the age of two years. The Generation R Study

Anti-Müllerian hormone produces endocrine sex reversal of fetal ovaries.

Hormonal and cellular regulation of Sertoli cell anti-Müllerian hormone production in the postnatal mouse.

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