Concentration dependent solute redistribution at the ice/water phase boundary. II. Experimental investigation

Abstract

Solute distribution curves from several hundred ice columns doped with small amounts of HCl, HF, NH4OH, and NH4F were investigated with the log linear approximate solution to the one-dimensional diffusion equation, discussed in an earlier paper. This led to the discovery of spontaneous convective effects which can be separated from a genuine concentration dependence of the distribution coefficient. The solutes studied show specific characteristics with respect to solubility in ice and concentration dependence of the distribution coefficient. These characteristic properties should eventually be correlated with specific structural relationships of these solutes (and the defects they create) to the ice lattice. The method of interpretation may be useful for unraveling the freezing history of natural ices of dilute solute content. The most direct and accurate method for measuring the distribution coefficient of (nonvolatile) solutes is by a combination of intense stirring and slow freezing rates.

Application of physical adsorption thermodynamics to heterogeneous chemistry on polar stratospheric clouds

“…Both experimental and indirect lines of evidence, for example, are consistent with about 10 kilocalories for adsorption of the water molecule itself to ice surfaces (Mason et al, 1963;Fletcher, 1970;Kiefer and Hale, 1977). Hydrofluoric acid can hydrogen bond more tightly than HCl (Gross et al, 1975) and possesses a comparable liquefaction entropy (Jarry and Davis, 1953). Its adsorptive behavior may thus be quite similar.…”

Double Freezing of (NH4)2SO4/H2O Droplets below the Eutectic Point and the Crystallization of (NH4)2SO4 to the Ferroelectric Phase

“…Literature data on the solubility of NH 4 + in ice is scattered. For example, Gross et al 10 reported that, depending on concentration, the distribution coefficient of the ammonium ion can be as large as 0. 38 However, Figure 1, as well as figures below, clearly demonstrates the absence of such melting events.…”

Interaction of HCl vapor with water‐ice: Implications for the stratosphere

“…Earlier work had shown that the solubility of HC1 in bulk ice is much smaller than that in liquid water: The solid-liquid partition coefficient was measured to be smaller than about 0.001% [Krishnan and Salomon, 1969;$eidensticker, 1972;Gross et al, 1975Gross et al, , 1977; see also Elliot et al, 1990]. However, that early work did not focus on surface effects, and the possibility of a much larger partition coefficient on the surface layers had not been ruled out.…”