Concentration‐dependent effects of latex F1‐protein fraction incorporated into deproteinized bovine bone and biphasic calcium phosphate on the repair of critical‐size bone defects

Abstract

F1-protein fraction (F1) is a natural bioactive compound extracted from the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis, and has been recently studied for its therapeutic potential in wound healing. In this study, we investigated the concentration-dependent effects of F1 (0.01%, 0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.1%) incorporated into deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) and porous biphasic calcium phosphate (pBCP), on the repair of rat calvarial critical-size bone defects (CSBD). The defects were analyzed by 3Dmicrotomography and 2D-histomorphometry at 12 weeks postsurgery. The binding efficiency of F1 to pBCP (96.3 ± 1.4%) was higher than that to DBB (67.7 ± 3.3%). In vivo analysis showed a higher bone volume (BV) gain in all defects treated with DBB (except in 0.1% of F1) and pBCP (except in 0.05% and 0.1% of F1) compared to the CSBD without treatment/control group (9.96 ± 2.8 mm 3). DBB plus 0.025% F1 promoted the highest BV gain (29.7 ± 2.2 mm 3 , p < .0001) compared to DBB without F1 and DBB plus 0.01% and 0.1% of F1. In the pBCP group, incorporation of F1 did not promote bone gain when compared to pBCP without F1 (15.9 ± 4.2 mm 3 , p > .05). Additionally, a small BV occurred in defects treated with pBCP plus 0.1% F1 (10.4 ± 1.4 mm 3, p < .05). In conclusion, F1 showed a higher bone formation potential in combination with DBB than with pBCP, in a concentration-dependent manner. Incorporation of 0.25% F1 into DBB showed the best results with respect to bone formation/repair in CSBD. These results suggest that DBB plus 0.25% F1 can be used as a promising bioactive material for application in bone tissue engineering. K E Y W O R D S bone repair, deproteinized bovine bone, natural latex protein fraction, porous biphasic calcium phosphate, protein adsorption, rat calvarial critical-size bone defects 1 | INTRODUCTION Bone defects can heal spontaneously under suitable physiological and environmental conditions due to the bone's ability to repair (Cameron et al., 2013). However, large skeletal defects resulting from malformation, infection, trauma, or tumor resection are challenging problems in contemporary reconstructive surgery because the size of these defects exceed the bone's natural capacity to repair (Henkel et al.,

A biocomplex to repair experimental critical size defects associated with photobiomodulation therapy

“…Extensive bone injuries may have their potential for spontaneous regeneration compromised and leads to the search for the development of new osteosubstitute materials and three-dimensional bioadegradable scaffolds [1,[47][48][49]. One of the most used experimental models in this area is the realization of critical defects in calvaria [50,51]. Critical defects can evolve to non-atrophic union due to the nature of the fracture, with impaired vascularity and soft tissue injury and will always require treatment of the defect [52].…”

Photobiomodulation Therapy on the Guided Bone Regeneration Process in Defects Filled by Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Associated with Fibrin Biopolymer

“…It presents an irregular surface with several concavities and cracks, in addition to macros and micropores of different diameters with an estimated resorption time between 7 to 9 months. GenPhos XP ® is used in implant dentistry and maxillofacial and bone surgery procedures and can be considered a safe alternative to autologous grafting [43,73].…”

Effects of photobiomodulation therapy on guided bone regeneration in defects filled by biphasic calcium phosphate associated with fibrin biopolymer

“…Genphos XP ® is used in implant dentistry, maxillofacial and bone surgery procedures. Previous studies report osteogenic potential when implemented in bone defects [24,25] and can be considered a safe alternative to autologous grafting.…”