Concentration dependence of the viscosity of sodium pectinate in solutions NaCl

Pals, D. T. F.; Hermans, Jan

doi:10.1002/pol.1948.120030611

Cited by 82 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The authors state [11] in their letter to the editor, consisting of two pages and meant as a preliminary report, that they have used a purified non-fractionated sample of pectin, which they have carefully neutralized in solution with NaOH. According to osmotic experiments [9] its number average molar mass amounts to M n = 46 000 g mol À1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8] Herein, we use the approach to reevaluate early experiments by Pals and Hermans. [9][10][11] In particular, we are interested to check whether the new relation accounts for the extrema observed in the Huggins plots for polyelectrolytes and to which extent the results of the approach of isoionic dilution, proposed by Hermans and co-workers, agree or disagree with the new evaluation. Special attention is paid to intrinsic viscosities of polyelectrolytes in pure water and to the effects of rising amounts of external salt on [h].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Huggins plot for solutions of pectin-Na in different aqueous NaCl solutions of constant composition. The measurements [11] were performed at 27 8C. Huggins plot (isoionic experiment [10] ) for solutions of pectin-Na in aqueous NaCl solutions of variable composition as described by Equation (5) www.chemphyschem.org plicable to charged and uncharged, [7] linear or non-linear macromolecules [Eq.…”

Section: Evaluation In Terms Of Ln H Rel Vs Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intrinsic Viscosities of Polyelectrolytes: Determination and Modeling of the Effects of Extra Salt

Eich¹,

Wolf

2011

ChemPhysChem

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Based on early measurements of J. J. Hermans and co-workers (D. T. F. Pals, J. J. Hermans, Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas 1952, 71, 513-520; D. T. F. Pals, J. J. Hermans, J. Polym. Sci. 1950, 5, 733-734; D. T. F. Pals, J. J. Hermans, J. Polym. Sci. 1948, 3, 897-898), the present contribution demonstrates how primary data should be evaluated in order to obtain reliable intrinsic viscosities. This procedure yields detailed information on the changes of the intrinsic viscosities and of the corresponding viscometric interaction parameters caused by an increasing salinity of water. Both quantities decline from a maximum value in the pure solvent to a minimum value, which is approached in the limit of sufficiently high salt concentrations, and can be modeled quantitatively by means of a Boltzmann sigmoid. Particular attention is paid to the significance of results obtained by means of the method of isoionic dilution, proposed by J. J. Hermans and co-workers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Evaluation In Terms Of Ln H Rel Vs Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intrinsic Viscosities of Polyelectrolytes: Determination and Modeling of the Effects of Extra Salt

Eich¹,

Wolf

2011

ChemPhysChem

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“…The degree of dissociation increases upon diluting, and intrachain repulsion caused by the charge of the polymer stretches the molecules. To avoid the stretch induced by increasing dissociation, isoionic dilution was applied in this study 28–30. To maintain a constant effective ionic strength, polyelectrolyte/water solution was diluted with a salt solution of the appropriate concentration in our measurements so that η sp / c increased linearly with c , which allowed us to obtain the intrinsic viscosity [η] by extrapolating the value of η sp / c to c = 0.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on solution properties of poly(N,N‐diethylacrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid)

Fang

Bian

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEA), poly (acrylic acid) (PAA), and a series of (N,N-diethylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (DEA-AA) random copolymers were synthesized by the method of radical polymerization. The measurement of turbidity showed that the phase behaviors of the brine solutions of the copolymers changed dramatically with the mole fraction of DEA (x) in these copolymers. Copolymers cop6 (x ¼ 0.06) and cop11 (x ¼ 0.11) in which acrylic acid content was higher presented the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) phase behaviors similar to PAA. Copolymer cop27 (x ¼ 0.27) presented the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior similar to PDEA. While copolymer cop18 (x ¼ 0.18) in which acrylic acid content was moderate presented both UCST and LCST behaviors. The solution properties of the polymers were investigated by measurements of viscosity, fluorescence, and pH. It is reasonable to suggest that the sharp change of the phase behavior may be attributed to the interaction between acrylamide group and carboxylic group in the (DEA-AA) copolymers.

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“…Our viscosity data indicated that all the lignosulfonates showed a strong polyelectrolyte effect, i.e., plots of reduced viscosities as a function of lignosulfonate concentration were non-linear, and the usual extrapolation to zero concentration to obtain the intrinsic viscosity was not so straightforward. More importantly, the use of the Fedors equation allowed the intrinsic viscosities of the lignosulfonates to be measured under the same ionic strength and pH conditions as those of the adsorption tests without having to apply the iso-ionic dilution technique (Pals and Hermans 1948) in order to eliminate polyelectrolyte effects. It is also worth mentioning that the Fedors equation describes very well the behavior of polyacrylamide-based flocculants-a very different type of polymers (straight-chain, viscosityaverage molecular weights on the order of 4-5 MDa)-of different degrees of anionicity in low ionic strength solutions including distilled water (Arinaitwe 2008).…”

Section: Determination Of Intrinsic Viscosities Of Lignosulfonatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of sodium lignosulfonates on hematite

2010

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The adsorption of three sodium lignosulfonates on hematite was studied as a function of pH in the range from 4 to 10.5, and in the presence or absence of calcium ions (10 −3 mol/L calcium choride). Intrinsic viscosity measurements demonstrated that the effective size of the macromolecules was not significantly affected under the experimental conditions. The adsorption results showed that electrostatic forces between the anionic polyelectrolytes and the hematite surface controlled the adsorption process although substantial non-electrostatic interactions were also clearly observed. The adsorption density inversely correlated with the anionicity of the tested lignosulfonates, especially with the content of sulfonic groups, with the least anionic polyelectrolyte producing the highest adsorption level. It was suggested that lateral repulsive electrostatic forces between the adsorbed macromolecules prevented dense adsorption of more anionic lignosulfonates. From this point of view, the effect of calcium on adsorption was attributed not only to its specific adsorption and surface charge reversal, but also to screening the anionic groups of lignosulfonates and minimizing the lateral repulsive interactions especially at high pH.

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Concentration dependence of the viscosity of sodium pectinate in solutions NaCl

Cited by 82 publications

References 2 publications

Intrinsic Viscosities of Polyelectrolytes: Determination and Modeling of the Effects of Extra Salt

Intrinsic Viscosities of Polyelectrolytes: Determination and Modeling of the Effects of Extra Salt

A study on solution properties of poly(N,N‐diethylacrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid)

Adsorption of sodium lignosulfonates on hematite

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