Concentration and detection of hepatitis A virus and its indicator from artificial seawater using zeolite

Abstract

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is the leading worldwide cause of acute viral hepatitis, and outbreaks caused by this virus often occur in fecal polluted waters. Rapid concentration and detection of viral contamination in water environments can prevent economic loss and can identify the source of contamination within a short time. However, conventional methods for virus concentration are often laborious, time consuming, and subject to clogging. Furthermore, most methods require a secondary concentration step to reduce the final volume of samples. We developed a method to concentrate HAV from seawater using zeolite in aid of rapid detection. In this method,artificial seawater was inoculated with HAV (7-8 log TCID50) and filtered with zeolite. The viruses were then eluted from zeolite with sodium dodecyl sulfate and detected via real-time PCR (qPCR). Zeolite was able to concentrate HAV from artificial seawater with ∼99% efficiency in less than 5min and was more efficient in seawater than in fresh water. The entire concentration and detection can be done in approximately 2h. Compared to existing methods, this method eliminated the need for a secondary concentration step as well as the necessity to modify the pH or salinity of the seawater during concentration, and was simple and inexpensive.

Toxicity studies of drugs and chemicals in animals: an overview

“…However, a glycoprotein-based nativesubunit vaccine for fish against Aeromonas hydrophila known to be causative agent of bacterial haemorrhagic septicaemia or red pest in freshwater fish was developed and validated (Ciftci et al, 2016). Hepatitis A virus and its indicator were concentrated and detected from artificial seawater using zeolite (Cormier & Janes, 2016) using the method of Saganuwan (2011). Death is the ultimate adverse drug event (Litt, 2015).…”

Application of median lethal concentration (LC50) of pathogenic microorganisms and their antigens in vaccine development

“…Antibody elicited by PspA recombinant protein and DNA vaccine proffer humoral response which is different from fragment crystallizable (Fc), (lgG1/lgG22 ratios) and fragment antigen-binding (Fab) epitopes of the induced antibodies [22]. The tissue culture lethal dose 50 (TCLD 50 ) determined by Cormier and Janes showed that zeolite could be used against hepatitis A virus infection [12]. Foot and mouth disease (FMD) titer of serotype A, O and SAT-2 from the roller cultivation system provided protection at 2 weeks postvaccination [15].…”

“…of in vitro cell cultures of hepatitis A virus and Foot and Mouth Disease virus were translated to LC 1 , whereas effective dose fifty (ED-50 ) for Newcastle Disease vaccines was translated to ED 1 -in chickens [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The method of Reed and Muench [21] as modified by Saganuwan [9] was used for LC 50 determination in various laboratories.…”

Application of Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Their Antigens in Vaccine Development

“…were translated to LC1 ,whereas effective dose fifty (ED50) for Newcastle Disease vaccines was translated to ED1 in chickens [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The method of Reed and Muench [21] as modified by Saganuwan [9] was used for LC50 determination in various laboratories.…”

“…But antibody elicited by PspA recombinant protein and DNA vaccine proffer humoral response which is different from fragment crystalizable (Fc), (lgG1/lgG22 ratios) and fragment antigen-binding (Fab) epitopes of the induced antibodies[22]. The tissue culture lethal dose 50 (TCLD50) determined by Cormier and Janes showed that zeolite could be used against hepatitis A virus infection[12]. Foot and mouth disease (FMD) titer of serotype A, O and SAT-2 from the roller cultivation system provided protection at 2…”