“…Various algorithms have been developed for mesh-connected computers and their variants, such as tori and n-ary d-cubes, based on the assumption that a fault-free mesh (or torus, n-ary d-cube) is available [3,10,11,13,16,15,17]. Since fault tolerance is very important to parallel processing, a variety of techniques for adaptive fault-tolerant routing or reconfiguring faulty arrays have also been proposed [5,6,12,18,19,23].…”