Computerized restoration of nonhomogeneous deformation of a fossil cranium based on bilateral symmetry

Ogihara, Naomichi; Nakatsukasa, Masato; Nakano, Yukiko I.; Ishida, Hidemi

doi:10.1002/ajpa.20332

Cited by 40 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…For some crania, one of the bilateral landmarks was absent due to damage. For such cases, the median sagittal plane was calculated based on acquired midsagittal landmarks and the missing landmark was restored based on a mirror image, assuming the cranium to display essentially bilateral symmetry (Ogihara et al, 2006).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometric morphometric study of temporal variations in human crania excavated from the Himrin Basin and neighboring areas, northern Iraq

Ogihara

Makishima

Ishida

2009

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We performed three-dimensional analysis of the morphology of adult crania excavated from the Himrin basin and neighboring areas, northern Iraq, to investigate possible temporal variations in craniofacial shape in this area from the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age to the Islamic period. The sample comprised 45 specimens excavated by the Kokushikan University archeological expedition in [1978][1979][1980] and now housed at Kyoto University, Japan. Computed tomography images of the crania were created and virtual models generated. Variability in cranial shape was examined using a geometric morphometric technique based on landmark coordinates. Ten modern Japanese adult crania were also included in the analysis for comparison. The results show that cranial shape in the pre-Islamic period was relatively dolichocranic, whereas those in the Islamic period were more diverse with both dolichocranic and brachycranic populations present, as suggested previously. Furthermore, the dolichocranic population tended to display relatively lower orbits and broader noses, and vice versa in the brachycranic population. However, the principal component classifying dolichocranic and brachycranic populations accounted for only about 12% of total variance, indicating that morphological variability of the crania is actually large and cannot be simply classified into two groups. A certain tendency of craniofacial variability was also found along a specific direction independent of temporal change, such directional variability was actually larger than variations through time. The Mesopotamian crania were found to differ from modern Japanese in terms of relative orthognathism of the maxilla and declination of the forehead. The present accurate description of craniofacial variability serves as a basis for future comparative research with neighboring populations towards understanding the origin and history of Mesopotamian inhabitants.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometric morphometric study of temporal variations in human crania excavated from the Himrin Basin and neighboring areas, northern Iraq

Ogihara

Makishima

Ishida

2009

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“…We did not consider cranial asymmetry as an important factor for our objective and utilized a symmetricalizing treatment of the landmark coordinates (Ogihara et al, 2006). That is, landmarks defined to be located within the midsagittal plane were replaced so that they were all on the same approximate plane as determined by least-squares fitting, and landmarks defined to be bilateral were treated as being symmetrical with respect to the midsagittal plane.…”

Section: Acquisition Of 3d Coordinatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-evaluation of temporal changes in alveolar protrusion in Japan according to two newly introduced craniometric angles

Ohno

Kawakubo

Kuraoka

2016

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Prognathism in the human facial skeleton is generally divided into two types: alveolar and facial. The degree of alveolar prognathism has conventionally been evaluated using the alveolar profile angle, defined on the basis of the line through the nasospinale and prosthion and the Frankfort horizontal (FH). Previous examinations of Japanese crania from the protohistoric Kofun period (c. 300-700 AD) to the modern period have established that the medieval (c. 1200-1600 AD) Japanese possessed the strongest alveolar prognathism. However, the nasospinale is an ambiguous landmark that is difficult to determine. Moreover, it has been suggested that the alveolar profile angle itself is problematic for quantifying alveolar prognathism. Here, we devised a new method for evaluating each type of prognathism independently and investigated temporal changes in the Japanese population using three-dimensional (3D) coordinate landmark data collected with a 3D contact digitizer. Facial prognathism was quantified using an obtuse angle, termed the midfacial protrusion angle, created by a line that runs through the nasion and subspinale with the FH. Alveolar prognathism was evaluated using a reflex angle, named the alveolar protrusion angle, formed between the nasion-subspinale and subspinale-prosthion lines. An analysis of 66 male crania derived from the northern Kyushu and Yamaguchi (westernmost part of Honshu) region showed no significant change of the alveolar protrusion angle over time from the Kofun period to the modern period. In contrast, the midfacial protrusion angle increased from the Kofun period to the medieval period and then decreased in the modern period. These results suggest that the strongest facial prognathism was exhibited in the medieval period. Previous results, which suggested that alveolar prognathism was strong in the medieval Japanese, may have been significantly affected by facial prognathism.

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“…Postup bez rekonstrukční předlohy se nazývá technika zrcadlení (Grine et al 2010;Gunz et al 2009;Ogihara et al 2006). Deformace je napravena přenesením zrcadlených částí z jedné strany těla na druhou přes rovinu dělící tělo na levou a pravou polovinu, tzv.…”

Section: úVodunclassified

“…However, restoration and reconstruction procedures are both approximate methods, which can rarely reestablish the original skeletal morphology. Recently, advances made in digital technologies gave origin to virtual restoration and reconstruction approaches Ogihara et al 2006;Weber -Bookstein 2011).…”

Section: Validating Virtual Restoration and Reconstruction Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validace metod virtuální restaurace a rekonstrukce v kosterní antropologii

Šplíchalová¹,

Jandová²,

Urbanová³

2016

Studia Archaeologica Brunensia

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AbstraktAntropologická analýza lidských kosterních nálezů je podmíněná jejích celistvostí a úplností. Čas-to je kosterní nález předáván k antropologickému zpracování ve fragmentárním, nekompletním anebo deformovaném stavu a před zhodnocením je třeba jej zrestaurovat či zrekonstruovat. Moderní počítačové metody umožňují neúplné kosterní nálezy virtuálně restaurovat a rekonstruovat a výsledný virtuální model podrobit odbornému zkoumání s počítačovou podporou. V této studii byly kvantifikovány rozdíly, které do antropologického zpracování vnáší restaurační a rekonstrukční postupy. Digitální 3D modely lidských lebek upravené virtuálními postupy byly srovnány mezi dvě-ma odborníky i v rámci každého z nich. Získané výsledky naznačují, že se zvyšující se náročností virtuální restaurace se zvyšují i rozdíly mezi modely, které vytvořili odlišní hodnotitelé. Na výsledky virtuálních postupů má současně negativní vliv velikost lomných ploch úlomků, které jsou k sobě během restaurace přikládány. Klíčová slova fragmentární kosterní nálezy, Vídeňská ulice, virtuální rekonstrukce, virtuální restaurace AbstractAnthropological examination of skeletal remains requires complete bones without compromised integrity. Yet, human skeletal remains are frequently uncovered fragmented, incomplete and/or distorted. In order to utilize standard methods the employment of a restoration or reconstruction technique becomes the first step. Recently, advances made in digital technologies gave origin to virtual restoration and reconstruction approaches. In the present paper, reliability of virtual restoration and reconstruction procedures was tested in order to quantify intra-and inter-operator error. The acquired results showed that for restored models the inter-operator differences increased with the complexity of the virtual restoration procedure. Furthermore, the results were shown to be affected by the size of the complementary contact walls used to virtually re-assemble the fragmented bones.

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Computerized restoration of nonhomogeneous deformation of a fossil cranium based on bilateral symmetry

Cited by 40 publications

References 11 publications

Geometric morphometric study of temporal variations in human crania excavated from the Himrin Basin and neighboring areas, northern Iraq

Geometric morphometric study of temporal variations in human crania excavated from the Himrin Basin and neighboring areas, northern Iraq

Re-evaluation of temporal changes in alveolar protrusion in Japan according to two newly introduced craniometric angles

Validace metod virtuální restaurace a rekonstrukce v kosterní antropologii

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