Computer Synthesis of Diffraction Optical Elements

Koronkevich, V. P.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-064470-4.50013-2

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Recent advances in manufacturing techniquesl- 3 have brought about many interesting developments in diffractive optical elements. 4 The ability to produce an arbitrary wave front with a diffractive element gives the optical designer a powerful tool to use in the design of modern optical systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of diffraction efficiency on the modulation transfer function of diffractive lenses

1992

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Diffractive lenses differ from conventional optical elements in that they can produce more than one image because of the presence of more than one diffraction order. These spurious, defocused images serve to lower the contrast of the desired image. We show that a quantity that we define as the integrated efficiency serves as a useful figure of merit to describe diffractive lenses. The integrated efficiency is shown to be the limiting value for the optical transfer function; in most cases it serves as an overall scale factor for the transfer function. We discuss both monochromatic and polychromatic applications of the integrated efficiency and provide examples to demonstrate its utility.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of diffraction efficiency on the modulation transfer function of diffractive lenses

1992

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“…(10)] into Eqs. (8) using Eqs. (7), although in most situations these diffractive singlets will be limited to monochromatic applications because of the large amount of chromatic aberration inherent to diffractive lenses.…”

Section: Si = H 2g;mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 However, recent developments in the fabrication of high efficiency diffractive optical elements, known as kinoforms, 3 binary optics, 4 or phase Fresnel lenses, 5 have generated a renewed interest in diffractive optics. These fabrication techniques, e.g., precision diamond machining, 6 photolithography, 7 and laser writer systems, 8 provide the designer with the ability to choose a desired diffractive phase function, which may be difficult to obtain using holographic (two-beam interference) techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of diffractive singlets for monochromatic imaging

Buralli

Morris

1991

Appl. Opt.

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The Seidel aberrations of a rotationally-symmetric diffractive lens with an arbitrary phase profile are presented. It is shown that by a proper choice of phase function and aperture stop position, third-order coma and astigmatism can be eliminated for any chosen conjugate ratio. Since a diffractive lens has an inherent zero value for the Petzval sum, the image plane is flat in both tangential and sagittal meridians. The substrate curvature of the lens may be chosen to introduce a prescribed amount of distortion to allow for use as a Fourier transform lens or a laser scan lens. Examples are given of lens performance in finite conjugate imaging and laser scanning, where the f - theta condition is satisfied.

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“…Laminar, circular or holographic gratings are built and used as diffractive optical elements (DOEs), holographic optical elements (HOEs) or computer-generated holograms (CGHs). 2,3,4 In those cases where gratings with very small periods are needed, in general gratings with fixed diffraction properties have to be used, because alterable fine-pitch gratings are rare and very difficult to produce. In this paper alterable diffractive optical elements (DOE), based on opto-electronic spatial modulators with controllable binary and blaze diffraction phase gratings are presented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Diffractive liquid crystal spatial light modulators with optically integrated fine-pitch phase gratings</title>

Schulze

Reden

1995

SPIE Proceedings

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We describe opto-electronic LC spatial light modulators which allow the generation of alterable diffraction gratings down to lirn period. Optically defined binary and blaze phase gratings are used in which the diffraction is altered by a parallel aligned nematic LC phase modulation layer. This enables the creation of arbitrary fine-pitch gratings. Different types of modulators have been investigated theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical results show that in the case of small grating structures the exact wave theoiy has to be applied to calculate the diffraction properties. Then the grating modulation becomes dependent on the light polarisation and the grating period. Modulators with gratings of 1 to 10 pin period have been fabricated. The modulator structure. the LC phase modulation layer, the problems of combining LCs with fine-pitch gratings, and the modulator properties are discussed. Good diffraction efficiencies and extinction ratios of the diffraction orders of the modulators have been obtained for monochromatic light as well as short switching times.

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Computer Synthesis of Diffraction Optical Elements

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Effects of diffraction efficiency on the modulation transfer function of diffractive lenses

Effects of diffraction efficiency on the modulation transfer function of diffractive lenses

Design of diffractive singlets for monochromatic imaging

<title>Diffractive liquid crystal spatial light modulators with optically integrated fine-pitch phase gratings</title>

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