“…ODE models are limited to temporal dynamics, but this enables their use in a wide range of cellular and tissue-scale settings that can leverage multiple types of time-resolved data ( Benzekry et al., 2014 ; Jarrett et al., 2019 ; Johnson et al, 2020 ; Lorenzo et al., 2019b ; Mendoza-Juez et al., 2012 ; Morken et al., 2014 ). PDE models further include spatial dynamics and constitute the standard approach for clinical, tissue-scale applications, which usually rely on longitudinal in vivo imaging data ( Hormuth et al., 2020 ; Jarrett et al., 2018 ; Lorenzo et al., 2019a ; Mang et al., 2020 ; Rockne et al., 2015 ; Wong et al., 2017 ). Additionally, hybrid models combine a discrete and continuous formulation, which may require multiscale multimodal data ( Metzcar et al., 2019 ; Phillips et al., 2020 ; Vilanova et al., 2017 ; Wang et al., 2015 ).…”