Computer simulation of white pine blister rust epidemics

For over a century, white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) has linked white pines (Strobus) with currants and gooseberries (Ribes) in a complex and serious disease epidemic in Asia, Europe, and North America. Because of ongoing changes in climate, societal demands for forests and their amenities, and scientific advances in genetics and proteomics, our current understanding and management of the white pine blister rust pathosystem has become outdated. Here, we present a review and synthesis of international scope on the biology and management of blister rust, white pines, Ribes, and other hosts. In this article, we provide a geographical and historical background, describe the taxonomy and life cycle of the rust, discuss pathology and ecology, and introduce a series of invited papers. These review articles summarize the literature on white pines, Ribes, and blister rust with respect to their status, threats, and management through genetics and silviculture. Although the principal focus is on North America, the different epidemics in Europe and Asia are also described. In the final article, we discuss several of the key observations and conclusions from the preceding review articles and identify prudent actions for research and management of white pine blister rust.

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“…M c D onald et al. (1981) constructed a computer program to model blister rust epidemics in stands of western white pine.…”

Section: Pathology and Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

White pines, Ribes, and blister rust: a review and synthesis

2010

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“…2002) and (4) forest density, age and canopy closure (V an A rsdel 1967; V an A rsdel and K rebill 1995). Epidemiological models use these factors to simulate their effects on components of rust development, such as aeciospore production, repeating infection cycles, teliospore production and inactivation, basidiospore production and dispersal and pine infection (M c D onald et al. 1981, 1991).…”

Section: Implications For Management Of White Pine Blister Rustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology and pathology of Ribes and their implications for management of white pine blister rust

Zambino¹

2010

Forest Pathology

101

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Summary Ribes (currants and gooseberries) are telial hosts for the introduced and invasive white pine blister rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola. Knowledge of wild and introduced Ribes helps us understand the epidemiology of blister rust on its aecial hosts, white pines, and develop disease control and management strategies. Ribes differ by species in their contribution to initial establishment and subsequent intensification of blister rust. Their significance to pine infection depends on their inherent capacities to become infected and support spore production, their abundance and environmental interactions. Ribes and white pines are adapted to disturbance and frequently co‐occur in forest and woodland ecosystems. Differences in light and moisture requirements affect how long various species of Ribes occupy a site. Natural or artificial selection increases rust resistance in white pines, Ribes, and other host genera; but selection also affects virulence and aggressiveness of C. ribicola. Blister rust pathosystems evolve. Local pathosystems wherein the rust and its hosts coexist with reduced damage could arise by several processes.

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“…Cronartium ribicola is a macrocyclic rust, and each of its five spore stages has specific environmental conditions necessary for production and germination with some of the spore stages more sensitive to temperature and moisture requirements than others. In general, C. ribicola is a fungus that prefers cool, moist conditions; temperatures ranging from 1 to 24 8C and either the presence of free water or relative humidity in excess of 97% are required for spore production and germination (Hirt 1942Van Arsdel et al 1956Krebill 1971;McDonald et al 1981). Although there was a statistically significant relationship between occurrence and incidence of WPBR and elevation with higher levels of rust found at lower elevations, this relationship is unlikely to hold up in different latitudinal ranges.…”

Section: Relationships Between Wpbr and Tree And Site Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distribution and incidence of white pine blister rust in central and southeastern Wyoming and northern Colorado

Kearns

Jacobi

2007

Can. J. For. Res.

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A survey of limber pine (Pinus flexilis James) to determine the geographic distribution, incidence, and severity of white pine blister rust (WPBR) throughout 13 study areas in central and southeastern Wyoming and northern Colorado was conducted from 2002 to 2004. The majority (81.1%) of the 18 719 surveyed limber pines >1.37 m tall were classified as healthy, 13.5% were declining or dying from various causes, and 5.4% were dead. WPBR was present on 278 (55%) of the 504 survey plots. Incidence of the disease ranged from 0% to 100% and averaged 15.5% over all the plots and 28.0% on the infested plots. Likelihood of infection by WPBR was significantly greater for limber pines in larger diameter classes. Incidence was negatively correlated with elevation and positively correlated with geographic position, with more northerly and easterly plots having higher incidences of WPBR. Incidence varied by slope position and did not vary by aspect, slope configuration, or degree of canopy closure. The current level of infestation in central and southeastern Wyoming and northern Colorado has been attained within the past two to four decades. With time, the pathogen may spread to currently uninfested white pine populations and intensify throughout its current distribution impacting valuable ecosystems.Résumé : Un inventaire du pin flexible (Pinus flexilis James) a été réalisé de 2002 à 2004 dans 13 zones d'étude situées dans le centre et le sud-est du Wyoming et le nord du Colorado pour déterminer la répartition géographique, l'incidence et la sévérité de la rouille vésiculeuse du pin blanc (RVPB). La majorité (81,1 %) des 18 719 pins flexibles échantillonnés de plus de 1,37 m de haut ont été classés comme sains, 13,5 % dépérissaient ou étaient mourants sous l'effet de diverses causes et 5,4 % étaient morts. La RVPB était présente dans 278 (55 %) des 504 places-échantillons. L'incidence de la maladie variait de 0 % à 100 % et atteignait en moyenne 15,5 % dans l'ensemble des places-échantillons et 28,0 % dans les places-échantillons infectées. Les risques d'infection par la RVPB étaient significativement plus élevés pour les pins flexibles dans les classes de diamètre supérieures. L'incidence était négativement corrélée avec l'altitude et positivement corrélée avec la position géographique : les places-échantillons les plus au nord et les plus à l'est avaient les plus fortes incidences de RVPB. L'incidence variait selon la position de la pente mais non selon l'exposition, la configuration de la pente ou le degré de fermeture du couvert. Le niveau actuel d'infection dans le centre et le sud-est du Wyoming et le nord du Colorado a été atteint au cours des deux à quatre dernières décennies. Avec le temps, le pathogène pourrait progresser vers les populations de pin blanc non infectées et l'infection pourrait s'intensifier partout où la maladie est actuellement présente et affecter des écosystèmes de grande valeur.[Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Computer simulation of white pine blister rust epidemics

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

White pines, Ribes, and blister rust: a review and synthesis

White pines, Ribes, and blister rust: a review and synthesis

Biology and pathology of Ribes and their implications for management of white pine blister rust

The distribution and incidence of white pine blister rust in central and southeastern Wyoming and northern Colorado

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