Computer-generated holograms with pulse-density modulation

Hauck, R.; Bryngdahl, Olof

doi:10.1364/josaa.1.000005

Cited by 98 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…(33), then write the resulting s b 1 ½m; n on the SLM, and illuminate the SLM with Iðx; yÞ of Eq. (31). Figure 11 shows the updated SLM pattern obtained from the SLM pattern in Fig.…”

Section: Encoding Complex-valued Oversampled Holograms On Binary Slmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reason is that, in the far-field or the 2f setup case, the relation between the SLM pixels and output field samples are simply given by a discrete Fourier transform (FT), which is easy to understand and manipulate. Many iterative and noniterative algorithms have been designed or adapted and applied to this problem [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Exploiting the intrinsic connection to the classical halftoning problem of image processing, researchers also adapted and applied halftoning algorithms such as error diffusion [39][40][41][42][43] and direct binary search [44][45][46][47][48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of three-dimensional light fields with binary spatial light modulators

2011

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Computation of a binary spatial light modulator (SLM) pattern that generates a desired light field is a challenging quantization problem for which several algorithms have been proposed, mainly for far-field or Fourier plane reconstructions. We study this problem assuming that the desired light field is synthesized within a volumetric region in the non-far-field range after free space propagation from the SLM plane. We use Fresnel and RayleighSommerfeld scalar diffraction theories for propagation of light. We show that, when the desired field is confined to a sufficiently narrow region of space, the ideal gray-level complex-valued SLM pattern generating it becomes sufficiently low pass (oversampled) so it can be successfully halftoned into a binary SLM pattern by solving two decoupled real-valued constrained halftoning problems. Our simulation results indicate that, when the synthesis region is considered, the binary SLM is indistinguishable from a lower resolution full complex gray-level SLM. In our approach, free space propagation related computations are done only once at the beginning, and the rest of the computation time is spent on carrying out standard image halftoning.

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“…(33), then write the resulting s b 1 ½m; n on the SLM, and illuminate the SLM with Iðx; yÞ of Eq. (31). Figure 11 shows the updated SLM pattern obtained from the SLM pattern in Fig.…”

Section: Encoding Complex-valued Oversampled Holograms On Binary Slmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of three-dimensional light fields with binary spatial light modulators

2011

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“…(5) to be converted to a binary format; this can be achieved in a number of ways. 6,7 For the example described in this Letter, a simple thresholding method was used in which the real part of Eq. (5) was sampled on a pixel grid and those pixels with a positive value were set to 1 (transparent) whereas all others were set to 0 (opaque).…”

Section: ͑3͒mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonplanar photolithography with computer-generated holograms

et al. 2005

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“…Error diffusion [15][16][17][18][19][20] (ED) is yet another way to encode complex-valued functions in much less computation time than is required with global search methods. As with single-pixel methods, each desired complex value is encoded as a modulation value of a corresponding SLM pixel.…”

Section: Pseudorandom Encodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Encoding algorithms for many other modulation characteristics are possible. A few of these include encoding for amplitude-phase coupled, 3,5,12 binary quantized, 16 and m-ary quantized characteristics. 6,8,12,17,21 Although specifying and evaluating such a variety of algorithms is beyond the scope of this paper, this section would also help in the development of blended algorithms for modulation characteristics other than phase-only.…”

Section: Description Of the Encoding Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved-fidelity error diffusion through blending with pseudorandom encoding

Duelli

Cohn

2000

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A

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Error diffusion (ED) and pseudorandom encoding (PRE) methods of designing Fourier transform holograms are compared in terms of their properties and the optical performance of the resulting far-field diffraction patterns. Although both methods produce a diffuse noise pattern due to the error between the desired fully complex pattern and the encoded modulation, the PRE errors reconstruct uniformly over the nonredundant bandwidth of the discrete-pixel spatial light modulator, while the ED errors reconstruct outside the window of the designed diffraction pattern. Combining the two encoding methods produces higher-fidelity diffraction patterns than either method produces individually. For some designs the fidelity of the ED-PRE algorithm is even higher over the entire nonredundant bandwidth than for the previously reported [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 16, 2425 (1999)] minimum-distance-PRE algorithm.

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Computer-generated holograms with pulse-density modulation

Cited by 98 publications

References 7 publications

Synthesis of three-dimensional light fields with binary spatial light modulators

Synthesis of three-dimensional light fields with binary spatial light modulators

Nonplanar photolithography with computer-generated holograms

Improved-fidelity error diffusion through blending with pseudorandom encoding

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