Computed tomography of pulmonary veins: review of congenital and acquired pathologies

Romberg, Erin K.; Stanescu, A. Luana; Bhutta, Sadaf T.; Otto, Randolph K.; Ferguson, Mark

doi:10.1007/s00247-021-05208-3

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…20 Drainage vein from lung parenchyma is usually visualized with a 2-8 s delay to the time of peak enhancement in the left atrium. 22 This acquisition time usually precedes that of a delayed scan and is close to the time of the arterial phase. [22][23][24] Therefore, to visualize the pulmonary vein, a relatively earlyphase CT scan is important.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging Diagnosis for Intradiaphragmatic Pulmonary Sequestration

Hosokawa,

Tanami,

Sato

et al. 2024

J of Ultrasound Medicine

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ObjectivesExtrapulmonary sequestration (EPS) within the diaphragm (ID‐EPS) is rare and requires additional procedures such as incision or detachment of the diaphragm from the lesion for diagnosis. This study aimed to describe the imaging findings and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) for ID‐EPS.Material and MethodsSplit diaphragm sign, shape of lesion edge, drainage vein into intra‐abdomen on ultrasound and CT, and lesion characteristics on ultrasound were compared between patients with ID‐EPS and with above‐diaphragm EPS (AD‐EPS) using Fisher's exact test.ResultsThree and nine patients were diagnosed with ID‐EPS and AD‐EPS, respectively. Significant differences were observed between the two groups in the split diaphragm sign on ultrasound (presence/absence in patients with ID‐EPS vs AD‐EPS, 2/1 vs 0/9, P = .046), shape of lesion edge on ultrasound/CT (round/beak in patients with ID‐EPS vs AD‐EPS, 3/0 vs 0/9, P = .005 on both CT and ultrasound), lesion characteristics on ultrasound (presence/absence of cystic area within lesion in patients with ID‐EPS vs AD‐EPS, 0/3 vs 7/2, P = .046), and the drainage vein into the abdomen on CT (presence/absence in patients with ID‐EPS vs AD‐EPS; 2/1 vs 0/9, P = .046). No drainage veins were visualized in the abdomen on ultrasonography and no significant differences in the presence/absence of the split‐diagram sign on CT (presence/absence in patients with ID‐EPS vs AD‐EPS and ID‐EPS; 0/3 vs 0/9, P > .999; 1/2 vs 0/9, P = .250) were observed between the two groups.ConclusionA combination of postnatal ultrasonography and CT was useful in predicting EPS located within the diaphragm.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 This acquisition time usually precedes that of a delayed scan and is close to the time of the arterial phase. [22][23][24] Therefore, to visualize the pulmonary vein, a relatively earlyphase CT scan is important. Thus, differences in the timing of CT acquisition might have affected the results of the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Diagnosis for Intradiaphragmatic Pulmonary Sequestration

Hosokawa,

Tanami,

Sato

et al. 2024

J of Ultrasound Medicine

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“…6). 14 Obstruction of the venous return can occur at any level of the drainage 13 . In the infradiaphragmatic type, it is usually seen at the level of the diaphragm where the vertical vein enters into the abdomen or at its junction with the portal system.…”

Section: When To Perform Cardiac Ct In Children: Clinical Indicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sinus venosus defects can occur at the site of insertion of both superior vena cava and inferior vena cava (ie, superior and inferior sinus venosus defects). Superior sinus venosus defects are associated with abnormal drainage of the right pulmonary vein ± right middle pulmonary vein, whereas inferior sinus venosus defects are associated with abnormal drainage of the right inferior pulmonary vein 13,14 . Therefore, the atrial septum should be carefully analyzed to exclude defects in case of suspected partial anomalous pulmonary venous return.…”

Section: When To Perform Cardiac Ct In Children: Clinical Indicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Superior sinus venosus defects are associated with abnormal drainage of the right pulmonary vein ± right middle pulmonary vein, whereas inferior sinus venosus defects are associated with abnormal drainage of the right inferior pulmonary vein. 13,14 Therefore, the atrial septum should be carefully analyzed to exclude defects in case of suspected partial anomalous pulmonary venous return. Recently, CT-based 3D-printed models were used for simulation and procedural planning of transcatheter correction of superior defects with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (Fig.…”

Section: Complex Anomalies Including Heterotaxy Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

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Pediatric Cardiovascular Computed Tomography

Kardos,

Curione,

Valverde

et al. 2023

Journal of Thoracic Imaging

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Congenital heart diseases affect 1% of all live births in the general population. The prognosis of these children is increasingly improving due to advances in medical care and surgical treatment. Imaging is also evolving rapidly to assess accurately complex cardiac anomalies prenatally and postnatally. Transthoracic echocardiography is the gold-standard imaging technique to diagnose and follow-up children with congenital heart disease. Cardiac computed tomography imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis of children with congenital heart defects that require intervention, due to its high temporal and spatial resolution, with low radiation doses. It is challenging for radiologists, not primarily specialized in this field, to perform and interpret these studies due to the difficult anatomy, physiology, and postsurgical changes. Technical challenges consist of necessary electrocardiogram gating and contrast bolus timing to obtain an optimal examination. This article aims to define indications for pediatric cardiac computed tomography, to explain how to perform and report these studies, and to discuss future applications of this technique.

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