Computed Tomography–Based Morphologic and Morphometric Features of the Coccyx Among Arab Adults

Marwan, Yousef; Al-Saeed, Osama; Esmaeel, Ali; Kombar, Osama; Bendary, Abdulla Mohammad; Azeem, Mokhtar Elsayed Abdul

doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000000515

Cited by 16 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…According to previous literature, types III and IV were more common in males, whereas there was no significant difference in the coccygeal type between genders in our study. However, type II was more common in females, and the tip of the coccyx directed more ventrally than in males as in other studies 131415). There was a significant difference in the coccygeal type among age groups in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…The most frequent number of coccygeal segments of Arabs was three13) while that of Europeans was four 1415). In our study, four coccygeal segments were most common (64.8%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 42%

“…The definitions of these parameters are presented in Table 1 131415). The type of coccyx was determined based on the classification proposed by Postacchini and Massobrio 5).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that females have a 4 to 5 times higher incidences of coccydynia than men 10). Although the cause of the higher incidences of coccydynia in females has not been elucidated, most authors attributed it to differences in the morphology and mobility of the sacrococcygeal segments between males and females 613141516)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been several articles on the morphology and morphometry of the sacrococcygeal region in Arabs and Europeans using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 131415). However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no previous study on the coccygeal morphology in Asian ethnicities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Sacrococcygeal Morphology in Koreans Using Computed Tomography

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe sacrococcygeal morphology of Arabs and Europeans has been studied using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging to determine the cause of coccydynia. Studies have suggested differences in sacrococcygeal morphology among ethnic groups. However, there are no data on the sacrococcygeal anatomy of Koreans.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 606 pelvic CT scans that were taken at Cheju Halla General Hospital between 2008 and 2014. Fractures of the sacrum or coccyx were excluded. Differences in the sacrococcygeal morphology among age groups stratified by decade of life and between genders were analyzed using sagittal plane pelvic CT scans. The morphological parameters studied were the sacral and coccygeal curved indexes, sacrococcygeal angle, intercoccygeal angle, coccygeal type, coccygeal segmental number, and sacrococcygeal fusion.ResultsThe average sacral and coccygeal curved indexes were 6.15 and 7.41, respectively. The average sacrococcygeal and intercoccygeal angles were 110° and 49°, respectively. Type II coccyx was most common, and the rate of sacrococcygeal fusion was 34%. There was a moderate positive correlation between age and the sacral curved index (r = 0.493, p = 0.000) and a weak negative correlation between age and the coccyx curved index (r = −0.257, p = 0.000). There was a weak negative correlation between age and the intercoccygeal angle (r = −0.187, p = 0.000). The average intercoccygeal angle in males and females was 53.9° and 44.7°, respectively.ConclusionsThe sacrum tended to be more curved and the coccyx straighter with age. The coccyx was straighter in females than males. Knowledge of the sacrococcygeal anatomy of Koreans will promote better understanding of anatomical differences among ethnicities and future studies on coccydynia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…The most frequent number of coccygeal segments of Arabs was three13) while that of Europeans was four 1415). In our study, four coccygeal segments were most common (64.8%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 42%

“…The definitions of these parameters are presented in Table 1 131415). The type of coccyx was determined based on the classification proposed by Postacchini and Massobrio 5).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%