Computed tomography and cross‐sectional anatomy of the head in the giant anteater ( Myrmecophaga tridactyla )

Nascente

et al. 2023

Anat Histol Embryol

Giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) is an endangered species that resides in much of Latin America, but it has been losing its habitat, especially in the Cerrado biome, where it constantly suffers traumas resulting from fires and roadkill. The anatomical knowledge of structures of the respiratory system is important for a better morphophysiological understanding of the species. Thus, this study aimed to perform the macroscopic and histomorphological description of the pharynx and larynx of the giant anteater. Twelve adult giant anteaters were used, three of them fixed in buffered formalin for further dissection and pharynx and larynx macroscopic analysis of structures. From the other animals, samples of the pharynx and larynx were collected and prepared for histological evaluation under optical microscope. Macroscopically, their pharynx and soft palate are extensive, and the anatomical location of these structures and the larynx differs greatly from that described in other species. The larynx, although more caudal, was similar to that of other animals. Histologically, the epithelium of these regions varied between the pseudostratified ciliated columnar and the non‐keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Laryngeal cartilages were composed of elastic (epiglotti) and hyaline cartilages (arytenoid, cricoid and thyroid cartilage), with an ossification process and glandular clusters around the hyaline cartilage. The distinct anatomical location of the pharynx and larynx of Myrmecophaga tridactyla is the main macroscopic finding of this study, besides the length of the pharynx and soft palate of these animals.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroscopic and histological aspects of the pharynx and larynx of the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactylaLinnaeus, 1758)

Nascente

et al. 2023

Anat Histol Embryol

Rev. U.D.C.A Act. & Div. Cient.

“…La cavidad craneal es pequeña, formada principalmente por los huesos parietales. La cavidad bucal es relativamente larga, estrecha, ocupada por una lengua larga, delgada, recubierta de saliva; no tiene dientes (Farha et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Bioquímica y valores hematológicos en hormiguero palmero (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) rescatados en Colombia

Fernández-Manrique,

Buitrago-Linares,

Murillo-Pacheco

2024

El hormiguero palmero Myrmecophaga tridactyla es una especie que se encuentra amenazada en la Orinoquía, por la fragmentación del paisaje, el atropellamiento en las vías, los monocultivos de arroz, la palma africana y la actividad de extracción de petróleo. El atropellamiento de animales en las redes viales disminuye la tasa de supervivencia anual de los hormigueros, reduciendo la tasa de crecimiento de la especie a valores nulos, como se observa en algunas áreas. Por otro lado, los animales enfermos o atropellados requieren diagnóstico o tratamiento para recuperar su salud, por lo tanto, el propósito del trabajo fue conocer la hematología y la bioquímica sérica en animales silvestres, aparentemente sanos, rescatados por Cormacarena. Previa restricción y sedación con Zoletil® 50, a la dosis de 4 mg/k de peso vivo, se practicó examen clínico y se recolectó de 5-10 mL de sangre por venopunción, a 21 animales. Posterior a su recuperación se liberaron los individuos. Se presentan los valores hematológicos de referencia para eritrocitos, hemoglobina, hematocrito, plaquetas, leucocitos, neutrófilos, linfocitos, proteínas totales, ALT, AST, BUN, creatinina, calcio, fósforo, potasio, sodio, los cuales, son de importancia en la valoración médico-veterinaria, en los programas de conservación de la especie. Se resalta que los valores en osos palmeros de la región son similares a los descritos en otros trabajos en América.

“…Additionally, the geometry and tonometry of the eyeball were described in the sloth (Braz et al, 2020). Ophthalmic examination and computed tomography were performed in other species from Pilosa order (Farha et al, 2011; Rodarte‐Almeida et al, 2021). According to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, southern two‐toed sloth is classified as Least Concern (LC), considering its wide distribution and presence in various protected areas (IUCN; Species.org).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The organ of vision morphology of the southern two‐toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus Linnaeus, 1758; Pilosa, Choloepodidae)

Klećkowska‐Nawrot,

Barszcz,

Stegmann

et al. 2023

Anat Histol Embryol

The Choloepus didactylus is a species belonging to the Choloepodidae family of the Folivora suborder. This study concerns the anatomical, morphometrical, histological and histochemical examination of the eye tunics, eyelids and orbital glands in the three adult Choloepus didactylus coming from the Wroclaw Zoological Garden. The cornea consists of four layers since Bowman's membrane was absent. The presence of palisades of Vogt formed from 14/15 to 20/21 layers of epithelial cells was demonstrated. Macroscopically, the tapetum lucidum was not identified, while degenerative choroidal tapetum lucidum cellulosum was found microscopically. The ciliary muscle was found with our histological approach. The pupil was round in shape (post‐mortem). The presence of tarsal glands has not been demonstrated in both eyelids. The conjunctiva‐associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) has been shown in the upper and lower eyelids. The superficial gland of the third eyelid produced a seromucous secretion. The third eyelid was shaped like a curved arch and composed of hyaline cartilage. The deep gland of the third eyelid was big and multilobar acinar simple with serous character. The lacrimal gland produced mucous secretion. The results of our research indicate that the features of the eye anatomy in the southern two‐toed sloth (C. didactylus) are also typical of the Folivora suborder and have common features and differences with Vermilingua.