Computed SAR and thermal elevation in a 0.25-mm 2-D model of the human eye and head in response to an implanted retinal stimulator. I. Models and methods

DeMarco, S.C.; Lazzi, Gianluca; Liu, Wentai; Weiland, James D.; Humayun, Mark S.

doi:10.1109/tap.2003.816395

Cited by 86 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Table 2 presents the different parameters and their values used in the simulation. The values for tissue properties and dielectric characteristics are obtained from [18,19]. Initially, the temperature of all the sensors is set to 37 ∘ C. In this topology, among 15 WBAN nodes (BC is excluded), C1, C2, and C3 traffic classes are equally distributed to the 12 nodes while traffic class C4 is assigned to the remaining 3 nodes.…”

Section: Simulation Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal-Aware Multiconstrained Intrabody QoS Routing for Wireless Body Area Networks

Monowar

Hassan

Bajaber

et al. 2014

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Wireless body area networks (WBANs) can be formed including implanted biosensors for health monitoring and diagnostic purposes. However, implanted biosensors could cause thermal damages on human tissue as it exhibits temperature rise due to wireless communication and processing tasks inside the human body. Again, Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning with multiconstraints (delay and reliability) is a striking requirement for diverse application types in WBANs to meet their objectives. This paper proposes TMQoS, a thermal-aware multiconstrained intrabody QoS routing protocol for WBANs, with the aim of ensuring the desired multiconstrained QoS demands of diverse applications along with keeping the temperature of the nodes to an acceptable level preventing thermal damages. We develop a cross-layer proactive routing framework that constructs an ongoing routing table which includes multiple shortest-path routes to address diverse QoS requirements. To avoid the packets to traverse through heated areas known as hotspot, we devise a hotspot avoidance mechanism. The route selection algorithm of TMQoS selects forwarder(s) based on the intended QoS demands of diverse traffic classes. The performance of TMQoS has been evaluated through simulation which demonstrates that the protocol achieves desired QoS demands while maintaining low temperature in the network compared to the state-of-the-art thermal-aware approaches.

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Section: Simulation Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal-Aware Multiconstrained Intrabody QoS Routing for Wireless Body Area Networks

Monowar

Hassan

Bajaber

et al. 2014

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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“…The proper passive electrical and thermal properties were assigned to tissues in the head model for the SAR and temperature rise calculation [14][15][16][17][18]. Muscle and white matter respectively compose most of the scalp and brain, so the physical properties of the scalp and brain are nearly identical to those of muscle and white matter, respectively.…”

Section: Sar and Temperature Rise Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

SAR and thermal response effects of a two-arm Archimedean spiral coil in a magnetic induction sensor on a human head

Zhang

Liu

Zhou

et al. 2015

BME

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Abstract. This study investigates the radiation safety of a newly designed magnetic induction sensor. This novel magnetic induction sensor uses a two-arm Archimedean spiral coil (TAASC) as the exciter. A human head model with a real anatomical structure was used to calculate the specific absorption rate (SAR) and temperature change. Computer Simulation Technology (CST) was used to determine the values of the peak 10-g SAR under different operating parameters (current, frequency, horizontal distance between the excitation coil and the receiver coil, vertical distance between the top of the head model and the XOY plane, position of excitation coil, and volume of hemorrhage). Then, the highest response for the SAR and temperature rise was determined. The results showed that this new magnetic induction sensor is safe in the initial state; for safety reasons, the TAASC current should not exceed 4 A. The scalp tissue absorbed most of the electromagnetic energy. The TAASC's SAR/thermal performance was close to that of the circular coil.

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“…For the heterogeneous model, each anatomical structure was assigned more specific electrical properties, based on the data of the comprehensive study by Gabriel et al [Gabriel 1996a[Gabriel , 1996b[Gabriel , 1996c (Table 1). The values of mass density were derived from literature [Collins 2004, DeMarco 2003, FCC website, Li 2006]. An average value of conductivity and permittivity was assigned to the anatomical structures without a direct equivalence in the database (i.e., "Subcutaneous Tissue", "Connective Tissue", and "Soft tissue") [Makris 2008].…”

Section: Classification Of Anatomical Structures At Radio-frequency Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Absorption Rate Analysis of Heterogeneous Head Models with EEG Electrodes/Leads at 7T MRI

Angelone¹,

Bonmassar²

2012

Applied Biological Engineering - Principles and Practice

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Computed SAR and thermal elevation in a 0.25-mm 2-D model of the human eye and head in response to an implanted retinal stimulator. I. Models and methods

Cited by 86 publications

References 23 publications

Thermal-Aware Multiconstrained Intrabody QoS Routing for Wireless Body Area Networks

Thermal-Aware Multiconstrained Intrabody QoS Routing for Wireless Body Area Networks

SAR and thermal response effects of a two-arm Archimedean spiral coil in a magnetic induction sensor on a human head

Specific Absorption Rate Analysis of Heterogeneous Head Models with EEG Electrodes/Leads at 7T MRI

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