Computational methods for ultrasonic bone assessment

Luo, Gangming; Kaufman, Jonathan J.; Chiabrera, A.; Bianco, Bruno; Kinney, J.H.; Haupt, D. L.; Ryaby, James T.; Siffert, Robert S.

doi:10.1016/s0301-5629(99)00026-5

Cited by 115 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…An increasing number of studies describing the numerical simulation of QUS experiments have been published in the past decade and several groups worldwide have developed dedicated FDTD codes [31,32,33,34]. In this paper we have shown that the simulation of the measurement at the femoral neck is not practicable with FDTD alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A hybrid FDTD-Rayleigh integral computational method for the simulation of the ultrasound measurement of proximal femur

Cassereau¹,

Nauleau²,

Bendjoudi³

et al. 2014

Ultrasonics

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International audienceThe development of novel quantitative ultrasound (QUS) techniques to measure the hip is critically dependent on the possibility to simulate the ultrasound propagation. One specificity of hip QUS is that ultrasounds propagate through a large thickness of soft tissue, which can be modeled by a homogeneous fluid in a first approach. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) algorithms have been widely used to simulate QUS measurements but they are not adapted to simulate ultrasonic propagation over long distances in homogeneous media. In this paper, an hybrid numerical method is presented to simulate hip QUS measurements. A two-dimensional FDTD simulation in the vicinity of the bone is coupled to the semi-analytic calculation of the Rayleigh integral to compute the wave propagation between the probe and the bone. The method is used to simulate a setup dedicated to the measurement of circumferential guided waves in the cortical compartment of the femoral neck. The proposed approach is validated by comparison with a full FDTD simulation and with an experiment on a bone phantom. For a realistic QUS configuration, the computation time is estimated to be sixty times less with the hybrid method than with a full FDTD approach

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A hybrid FDTD-Rayleigh integral computational method for the simulation of the ultrasound measurement of proximal femur

Cassereau¹,

Nauleau²,

Bendjoudi³

et al. 2014

Ultrasonics

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“…A continuous stress and displacement formulation for the lossless case that imposes continuity of stresses and displacements across boundaries of the grid elements has previously been presented by ) and ). This same formulation has been extended to the lossy case by (Luo et al 1999;Kaufman et al 2008a) and has also been implemented in commercial software (Wave 2000, CyberLogic, Inc., New York, NY, USA). This software was used to produce all of the simulations in this study.…”

Section: Ultrasound Simulations and Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, since ultrasound is a mechanical wave and interacts with bone in a fundamentally different manner than X-rays, it may be able to provide information on additional components of bone strength, notably its trabecular architecture ( The propagation of ultrasound through bone is a complex phenomenon, for which few analytic characterizations are available. In the past several years, computer simulation has emerged as an extremely useful tool (Kaufman et al 2008a(Kaufman et al , 2008bHaïat et al 2007;Protopappas et al 2006;Hosokawa 2005;Bossy et al 2005;Luo et al 1999). Simulation affords the user with the ability to address a whole host of questions which, as pointed out, have no analytic solution and for which the experimental setting may be very difficult to carry out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past several years, computer simulation has emerged as an extremely useful tool (Kaufman et al 2008a(Kaufman et al , 2008bHaïat et al 2007;Protopappas et al 2006;Hosokawa 2005;Bossy et al 2005;Luo et al 1999). Simulation affords the user with the ability to address a whole host of questions which, as pointed out, have no analytic solution and for which the experimental setting may be very difficult to carry out.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ultrasound Simulation in the Distal Radius Using Clinical High-Resolution Peripheral-CT Images

Floch

McMahon

Luo

et al. 2008

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

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The overall objective of this research is to develop an ultrasonic method for noninvasive assessment of the distal radius. The specific objective of this study was to examine the propagation of ultrasound through the distal radius and determine the relationships between bone mass and architecture and ultrasound parameters. Twenty-six high-resolution peripheral-CT clinical images were obtained from a set of subjects that were part of a larger study on secondary osteoporosis. A single midsection binary slice from each image was selected and used in the two-dimensional (2D) simulation of an ultrasound wave propagating from the anterior to the posterior surfaces of each radius. Mass and architectural parameters associated with each radius, including total (trabecular and cortical) bone mass, trabecular volume fraction, trabecular number and trabecular thickness were computed. Ultrasound parameters, including net time delay (NTD), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and ultrasound velocity (UV) were also evaluated. Significant correlations were found between NTD and total bone mass (R 2 = 0.92, p < 0.001), BUA and trabecular number (R 2 = 0.78, p < 0.01) and UV and trabecular bone volume fraction (R 2 = 0.82, p < 0.01). There was only weak, statistically insignificant correlation (R 2 < 0.14, p = 0.21) found between trabecular thickness and any of the ultrasound parameters. The study shows that ultrasound measurements are correlated with bone mass and architecture at the distal radius and, thus, ultrasound may prove useful as a method for noninvasive assessment of osteoporosis and fracture risk. KeywordsOsteoporosis; Ultrasound; Radius; Bone mass; Density; Net time delay; BUA; Peripheral-CT; Velocity Osteoporosis is a significant health problem affecting more than 20 million people in the United States and more than 200 million worldwide (Anonymous 2001). Osteoporosis is defined as the loss of bone mass with a concomitant disruption in microarchitecture, leading to an increased risk of fracture (Kanis 2002 The primary method for diagnosing osteoporosis and associated fracture risk relies on bone densitometry to measure bone mass (Kaufman and Siffert 2001). The use of bone mass is based on the well-established thesis that bone strength is strongly related to the amount of bone material present and that a stronger bone in a given individual is associated generally with a lower fracture risk (Johnell et al. 2005). Radiologic densitometry, which measures the (areal) bone mineral density (BMD) at a given site (e.g., hip, spine, forearm) is currently the accepted "gold standard" indicator of bone strength and fracture risk (Johnell et al. 2005;Blake and Fogelman 2003). Clinically, this is often done using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which measures the BMD in units of g/cm 2 (Blake and Fogelman 2003). Recently, high resolution peripheral-CT imaging has become available for clinical research studies and has led to renewed interest in the distal radius for a better understanding of the relationship betw...

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“…A number of studies have shown that both mass and architecture affect the propagation of ultrasound through bone [14][15][16]. In particular, it is reasonably well-established that the fundamental parameters associated with ultrasound measurement of bone, namely the velocity (e.g., speed of sound or SOS) and frequency-dependent attenuation (e.g., broadband ultrasound attenuation or BUA), are each mass and architecture dependent [14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic bone assessment: “The time has come”

Siffert

Kaufman

2007

Bone

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Bone is unique in its ability to maintain its strength in the presence of constant turnover. It has been established that there is gradual and relatively complete removal and replacement with new bone several times in a lifetime. The reparative pattern is constantly changing in order to maintain strength and is influenced by changes in general health, the presence of disease, and the degree of physical activity. To date, no method has been developed to measure the nature of lifetime changes in patterns during childhood and throughout older age [1]. Often the first indication that a problem exists is the occurrence of a fragility fracture, which is often associated with a high degree of morbidity and mortality.

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Computational methods for ultrasonic bone assessment

Cited by 115 publications

References 19 publications

A hybrid FDTD-Rayleigh integral computational method for the simulation of the ultrasound measurement of proximal femur

A hybrid FDTD-Rayleigh integral computational method for the simulation of the ultrasound measurement of proximal femur

Ultrasound Simulation in the Distal Radius Using Clinical High-Resolution Peripheral-CT Images

Ultrasonic bone assessment: “The time has come”

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