Abstract. In this paper, we propose a computational approach to solve a model-based optimal control problem. Our aim is to obtain the optimal solution of the nonlinear optimal control problem. Since the structures of both problems are different, only solving the model-based optimal control problem will not give the optimal solution of the nonlinear optimal control problem. In our approach, the adjusted parameters are added into the model used so as the differences between the real plant and the model can be measured. On this basis, an expanded optimal control problem is introduced, where system optimization and parameter estimation are integrated interactively. The Hamiltonian function, which adjoins the cost function, the state equation and the additional constraints, is defined. By applying the calculus of variation, a set of the necessary optimality conditions, which defines modified model-based optimal control problem, parameter estimation problem and computation of modifiers, is then derived. To obtain the optimal solution, the modified modelbased optimal control problem is converted in a nonlinear programming problem through the canonical formulation, where the gradient formulation can be made. During the iterative procedure, the control sequences are generated as the admissible control law of the model used, together with the corresponding state sequences. Consequently, the optimal solution is updated repeatedly by the adjusted parameters. At the end of iteration, the converged solution approaches to the correct optimal solution of the original optimal control problem in spite of model-reality differences. For illustration, two examples are studied and the results show the efficiency of the approach proposed.2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary: 93C05, 93C10; Secondary: 93B40. Key words and phrases. Nonlinear optimal control, model-reality differences, gradient algorithm, adjusted parameters, iterative solution.The reviewing process of the paper was handled by Cedric Yiu as Guest Editor. [1]. In this paper, we propose an efficient computation approach to construct the control sequences for the optimal control problem with model-reality differences. On this basis, the model-based optimal control problem, which is added with the adjusted parameters, is solved iteratively. Our aim is to obtain the true optimal solution of the original optimal control problem via solving the model-based optimal control problem repeatedly. For doing so, the initial control sequences are defined from the LQR optimal control model. Then, the modified model-based optimal control problem is formulated as a nonlinear programming problem [15], [6], [3]. During each iteration step, the differences between the real plant and the model used are measured by the adjusted parameters. It follows that the value of the control sequences is updated through the gradient algorithm, where the mathematical optimization technique is applicable. Within a given tolerance, the iterative algorithm gives the correct optimal solution of the...