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The movement of students across borders has had profound impact on higher education policy development. This article seeks to unpack international student mobility through a discourse approach, using five policy documents on international student mobility from well-established recruiters of international students. Eight headline findings are presented in this article. It was found that there are many different types of international students. Higher education institutions are located at the heart of the action, and provide a broad range of services across four distinctive stages of the students’ sojourn. Governments reaffirm their commitment in providing good higher education experience to the international student population. However, there are signs that the students’ presence has shaped higher education policies to be more service-, market-, and reputation driven. The ethics of care concept is proposed to balance the present role of higher education as “wealth creation agents,” and to ensure both institutions and students reap the benefits of international higher education.

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Unemployment is one of the problems faced by many countries. The International Labour Organization reported that there was about 6.67% unemployment rate in the United States, 5.24% in Germany, 7.3% in the United Kingdom, and 5.72% in Australia. Meanwhile in Malaysia, the unemployment rate was about 3.22%. This report was based on the unemployment rate in 2014 (International Labour Organization, 2014). According to the Department of Statistics Malaysia, the unemployment rate in Malaysia has increased by 17.1 percent, which is 610.5 thousand as compared to 521.3 thousand in the same month in 2019. The unemployment rate in March 2020 increased to 3.9 percent (The Office of Chief Statistician Malaysia, 2020). The report shows that labour force as people aged between 15 to 64 years, and

A complete graph is a fully-connected graph where every node is adjacent to all other nodes in the graph. Very often, many applications in science and engineering are reducible to this type of graph. Hence, a simplified form of a complete graph contributes in providing the solutions to these problems. In this paper, we present a technique for transforming a complete graph into a single-row routing problem. Single-row routing is a classical technique in the VLSI design that is known to be NP-complete. We solved this problem earlier using a method called ESSR, and, the same technique is applied to the present work to transform a complete graph into its single-row routing representation. A parallel computing model is proposed which contributes in making the problem modular and scalable. We also discuss the application of this work on the channel assignment problem in the wireless cellular telephone networks.