“…6,10,104,[108][109][110]120 The STNMUM and the ST-IGA with IGA basis functions in time have been used in many 3D computations. The classes of problems solved are flapping-wing aerodynamics for an actual locust, 7,22,90,91 bioinspired MAVs 88,89,92,93 and wing-clapping, 94,95 separation aerodynamics of spacecraft, 81 aerodynamics of horizontal-axis 38,[87][88][89] and vertical-axis 9,41,42 wind-turbines, thermo-fluid analysis of ground vehicles and their tires, 6,104 thermo-fluid analysis of disk brakes, 10 flow-driven string dynamics in turbomachinery, [108][109][110] and flow analysis of turbocharger turbines. 8,[111][112][113] The ST-IGA with IGA basis functions in space enables more accurate representation of the geometry and increased accuracy in the flow solution.…”