Compulsory Licensing: Evidence from the Trading with the Enemy Act

Moser, Petra; Voena, Alessandra

doi:10.1257/aer.102.1.396

Cited by 360 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Thus, this work does not shed much light on the impact of the market for ideas on the rate and direction of corporate innovation. One exception is Moser and Voena (), who find that compulsory licensing of patented inventions increases the number of new follow‐on inventions, exploiting variation across technology areas created by the 1917 Trading with the Enemy Act in the United States.…”

Section: The Importance Of the Market For Ideasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the market for ideas influence the rate and direction of innovative activity? Evidence from the medical device industry

Chatterji

Fabrizio

2015

Strategic Management Journal

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Prior work argues that the "market for ideas" supports an open system of innovation, allowing for efficient development of technology across firms. Although this literature has described important features of this market, how it influences the rate and direction of innovation remains an open question. We exploit an exogenous shock to a subset of U.S. medical device firms to study this question. We first document the breakdown in the market for ideas after a federal investigation made it more difficult for the leading orthopedic firms to work with physician-inventors. We then present evidence of a dramatic decline in the rate of innovation for these firms. Further, a marked shift in direction occurs toward lower-quality inventions and away from product categories where physician knowledge is critical.

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Section: The Importance Of the Market For Ideasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the market for ideas influence the rate and direction of innovative activity? Evidence from the medical device industry

Chatterji

Fabrizio

2015

Strategic Management Journal

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“…And they prove that the Porter hypothesis is acceptable, butJaffe and Palmer (1997) find that the direct impact of ER on GPP improvement is uncertain. Based on the placebo test method ofMoser and Voena (2012), we conduct the robustness test. Specifically, we assume that the policy started to implement in 2006, then the time period from 2004 to 2007 is selected for the robustness test.…”

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confidence: 99%

Does environmental regulation policy help improve green production performance? Evidence from China's industry

Wang

Zhang

2019

Corp Soc Responsibility Env

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Environmental regulation (ER) policy is an effective means to improve green production performance (GPP), but how ER policy will affect China's GPP remains to be studied. Therefore, with the panel data of 38 industrial sectors in China during 2004–2015, we employ the continuous difference in difference method and system generalised method of moment method to estimate the impact of ER policy on GPP in the heavily polluting sectors of China. The empirical results show that first, the implementation of ER policy does not significantly improve GPP of heavily polluting sectors during the sample period. Among them, the external technological progress and export learning effect are important factors that hinder their GPP. Second, ER has no lag effect on GPP of 38 industrial sectors, and the increase in research and development investment does not significantly improve GPP. Finally, foreign direct investment has promoted GPP in China's industrial sectors to some extent.

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“…Thus, by comparing the change (D1) in the treatment group y value with the change (D2) in the control group y value, the actual effect of the policy shock can be obtained (DD = D1 − D2). The DID method can solve the endogeneity issues to a certain extent, so it has widely been adopted in the field of policy evaluation [7,[34][35][36].…”

Section: Econometric Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Impact of China’s Returning Farmland to Forest Program on Rural Economic Development

Gao

Liu

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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The Returning Farmland to Forest Program (RFFP) is widely known as one of China's largest and most successful payment schemes for ecosystem service projects for the achievement of both environmental and economic sustainability. By sponsoring afforestation activities and compensating farmers for converting cropland to forest, the project was designed to achieve multiple goals. Ecologically, the program aims to expand forest cover and to reduce flood and soil erosion. Economically, it aims to alleviate poverty and improve rural livelihoods. Although the official metrics indicate successful program outcomes in the short term, researchers have reported mixed and controversial results for long-term outcomes. We combined the difference-in-difference (DID) with instrumental variables (IVs) regression to examine the long-term effects of China's RFFP on local economic development. We found that (1) the RFFP has had a remarkably positive impact on local economic growth in the primary sector, but considerably limits the growth of enterprises above a designated size by 16.8%; (2) the RFFP is unable to promote the development of the secondary industry because it cannot effectively promote the transfer of rural laborers to the secondary industry sector; and (3) in addition to increasing the general budgetary expenditure of local finance by 7.50%, this program has significantly reduced local fiscal revenue by 35.50%. We suggest that eco-compensation should consider the performance of the RFFP in its evaluation criteria.Sustainability 2020, 12, 1492 2 of 17 outcomes in terms of the reduction of soil erosion, flood prevention, and some degree of biodiversity improvement [6].Along with efforts to raise awareness of the issues with China's agriculture, farming, and rural areas, the RFFP aims to improve the regional economy and rural livelihoods [7,8]. Households participating in the program are expected to increase their annual income and improve their employment conditions by transitioning from on-farm labor to off-farm activities and by receiving eco-compensation. The actual outcomes of the RFFP, however, show mixed results [9]. For example, participants are compensated by the Chinese government with cash and food subsidies for the loss of income caused by converting croplands to forests. The current compensation scheme has not always fully covered farmers' economic losses. Under the current compensation scheme, participants are given 100 kg of raw grain and 20 yuan annually for completing 1 mu of afforestation. This can result in reduced annual income for farmers and in the suppression of local economic development due to a reduction in farmland. In addition, the program is reported to increase forest cover and reduce the risk of flooding and soil erosion. This provides opportunities for farmers to engage in alternative activities, such as shifting from farming to fruit cultivation, animal husbandry, and tourism, which can contribute to the development of the local primary industry. These activities may also encourage farmers an...

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Compulsory Licensing: Evidence from the Trading with the Enemy Act

Cited by 360 publications

References 27 publications

Does the market for ideas influence the rate and direction of innovative activity? Evidence from the medical device industry

Does the market for ideas influence the rate and direction of innovative activity? Evidence from the medical device industry

Does environmental regulation policy help improve green production performance? Evidence from China's industry

Long-Term Impact of China’s Returning Farmland to Forest Program on Rural Economic Development

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