Compressive strength of efficient self‐compacting concrete with rice husk ash, fly ash, and calcium carbide waste additives using multiple artificial intelligence methods

Abstract

The principal benefit of mixed concrete is to minimize the disadvantages of certain complementary cement ingredients by combining them with other better materials so that overall costs are managed and efficiencies of concrete production are increased. The structural and economic characteristics of concrete can also be improved. In this work, the compressive strength (CS) of selfcompacting concrete (SCC) was assessed and their interrelations were addressed using binary and ternary cementitious combinations of rice husk, fly ash (FA), and calcium carbide. Accordingly, various admixtures were prepared with diverse amounts of wastes by substituting ordinary Portland cement (5%). Thus, due to the raising of rice husk and FA, the CS of SCC was considerably improved. To raise the accuracy of the analysis, three soft computing models of particle swarm optimization (PSO), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and artificial neural network (ANN) were used. Six input parameters comprising FA replacement ratio, rice husk, total cementitious material, water cement ratio, high ratio water reducing agent and age of samples (AS), and one output parameter as the CS of SCC have been investigated. Subsequently, following the root mean square error and R 2 results, three methods were shown as reliable tools for assessing the influence of cementitious material on CS of self-compact concrete; however, ANFIS remarkably was better than ANN and PSO. As a result, rice husk showed less contribution to the strength of concrete at short times, but much at longer time than FA and calcium carbide. The enhanced influence of low amount of calcium carbide on CS was not significant. Also, it was found that the specimen incorporating of cement with 15% calcium carbide showed better workability than that of normal SCC specimen without calcium. Therefore, rice husk ash showed higher potential to be applied as partial replacements in SCC production.Discussion on this paper must be submitted within two months of the print publication. The discussion will then be published in print, along with the authors' closure, if any, approximately nine months after the print publication.

Retracted: A comparative study on predicting the rapid chloride permeability of self‐compacting concrete using meta‐heuristic algorithm and artificial intelligence techniques

“…The use of artificial intelligence in the field of civil engineering 33–44 today more than ever is being considered 45 . The application of artificial intelligence considerably reduces the cost and time of experimental studies, provided that there is sufficient laboratory data in this area 46 .…”

“…Most studies showed that in addition to the concentration of chloride ions, increasing the temperature also significantly reduces the chloride ions penetration resistance. [30][31][32] The use of artificial intelligence in the field of civil engineering [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] today more than ever is being considered. 45 The application of artificial intelligence considerably reduces the cost and time of experimental studies, provided that there is sufficient laboratory data in this area.…”

Relationship between internal relative humidity and autogenous shrinkage of early‐age concrete containing prewetted lightweight aggregates

“…81 Autogenous shrinkage versus ln(RH) for concrete with various quantities of IC water is exhibited in Figure 11. The linear correlation between the autogenous shrinkage of concrete and ln RH ð Þ could be described as Equation (19):…”

“…Proper curing plays a vital role in ensuring the intended performance and durability of concrete 19,20 . Traditional external curing was not effective enough because merely the concrete surface can be cured due to the poor permeability 21,22 .…”

“…Proper curing plays a vital role in ensuring the intended performance and durability of concrete. 19,20 Traditional external curing was not effective enough because merely the concrete surface can be cured due to the poor permeability. 21,22 Internal curing (IC) is a promising technique because the curing agent provides water from the interior of concrete additionally, 23,24 thereby preventing the decrease of IRH and further promoting cement hydration.…”