The construction, maintenance, and repair of civil infrastructure demand substantial economic investment, underscoring the necessity of structural health monitoring (SHM) to mitigate property loss resulting from structural failures. Within the domain of SHM systems, the integration of fiber-optic sensors (FOS) is distinguished by their diminutive size, lightweight nature, resistance to corrosion, and straightforward installation procedures, thus garnering widespread recognition. Despite the voluminous publications addressing this subject, comprehensive surveys employing bibliometric and scientometric methodologies remain scarce. This review scrutinizes 1066 publications spanning the past decade through scientometric examination, delineating publication trends, journals of significant contribution, leading researchers, foremost affiliations, and the prevalence of keywords. The analysis reveals a consistent upward trajectory in research activity, with the United States and China emerging as pivotal contributors. Employing VOS viewer for clustering visualization, the study categorizes keywords into discrete clusters, elucidating the breadth of applications and the interconnectedness of topics based on the strength of their associations. This investigation stands as a novel contribution, furnishing a holistic overview of FOS research within SHM, charting historical and current trends, and pinpointing emergent research avenues. The findings are poised to serve as an invaluable repository for scholars endeavoring to incorporate SHM systems equipped with FOS into their forthcoming investigations.