Comprehensive stability‐indicating high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection method for simultaneous determination of amprolium hydrochloride and ethopabate in powder dosage form for veterinary use

Abstract

This research deals with the development of a stability‐indicating high‐performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous determination of amprolium hydrochloride and ethopabate. To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive stability‐indicating method has been reported for analysis of this mixture. Separation was achieved using Kromasil cyano column with gradient elution of the mobile phase composed of sodium hexane sulfonate solution and methanol. Quantification was based on measuring peak areas at 266 nm. Amprolium and ethopabate peaks eluted at retention times 10.42 and 18.53 min, respectively. The proposed procedure was validated with respect to system suitability, linearity, ranges, precision, accuracy, specificity, robustness, detection, and quantification limits. Linearity ranges for amprolium and ethopabate were 1.5–240 and 1–160 μg/mL, respectively. Analytes were subjected to stress conditions of hydrolysis, oxidation and thermal degradation. The proposed method enabled resolution of drugs from their forced‐degradation products and amprolium related substance (2‐picoline). Moreover, specificity was verified by resolution of the analytes from about 22 drugs used in antimicrobial veterinary products. The validated method was successfully applied to assay of the combined veterinary powder dosage form, additionally it was implemented in the accelerated stability study of the dosage form when stored for six months at 40°C and 75% relative humidity.

A fast and green reversed‐phase HPLC method with fluorescence detection for simultaneous determination of amlodipine and celecoxib in their newly approved fixed‐dose combination tablets

“…According to that, the analytical Eco-Scale value of the developed HPLC-FLD method was found to be 87 indicating an excellent greenness when compared with the score of 77 for the reported HPLC method and 84 for the reported spectroscopic methods (Supporting Information Table S4A-C). This high analytical Eco-Scale score for the proposed method was attributed to replacement of commonly used hazard solvents and chemicals with ACN a less toxic one, which has been used alone as organic modifier in a relatively lower percentage and absence of internal standard, where no extraction or separation step or multistep sample preparation was involved while maintaining good reproducibility of the method [22][23][24][25], as indicated by lower % RSD (Supporting Information Table S2). GAPI [13] is the most recent tool for assessment of greenness of analytical procedure.…”

Solid-Phase Separation and Green Removal of Amprolium Hydrochloride Veterinary Drug from Aqueous Media Using Dolomiaea Costus Roots as New Biosorbent

“…The spread of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics may be facilitated by residual veterinary pharmaceutical drugs in different ecosystem matrices, which may ultimately reduce the clinical or veterinary effectiveness of antibiotics 8 . Several analytical techniques can utilized to determine Amprolium hydrochloride, including UV-spectrophotometry 9,10 , HPLC 11,12 , atomic spectrometry 13 , GC 14 , and other electrochemical methods 15 . Few studies were carried out for the adsorptive removal of AMP from aqueous media 16 .…”

Universal procedures for spectrophotometric determination of anticoccidial drugs; application to multi-ingredient veterinary formulation and computational investigations for multivariate analysis

“…Literature survey revealed many reported methods for the determination of AMP, SQX, and DVD either alone or with other drugs in different matrices such as veterinary formulation, surface water, eggs, chicken muscles, chicken plasma, chicken liver and chicken feed. These methods include HPLC/UV [4][5][6], LC/MS [7][8][9][10][11][12], spectroscopic methods [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and electrochemical method [21]. To the best of our knowledge, the ternary mixture of AMP, SQX, and DVD has not been investigated spectrophotometrically.…”