Comprehensive Smart Grid Planning in a Regulated Utility Environment

Abstract

This paper presents the tools and exercises used during the Kentucky Smart Grid Roadmap Initiative in a collaborative electric grid planning process involving state regulators, public utilities, academic institutions, and private interest groups. The mandate of the initiative was to assess the existing condition of smart grid deployments in Kentucky, to enhance understanding of smart grid concepts by stakeholders, and to develop a roadmap for the deployment of smart grid technologies by the jurisdictional utilities of Kentucky. Through involvement of many important stakeholder groups, the resultant Smart Grid Deployment Roadmap proposes an aggressive yet achievable strategy and timetable designed to promote enhanced availability, security, efficiency, reliability, affordability, sustainability and safety of the electricity supply throughout the state while maintaining Kentucky’s nationally competitive electricity rates. The models and methods developed for this exercise can be utilized as a systematic process for the planning of coordinated smart grid deployments.

Research on Electronic Voltage Transformer for Big Data Background

“…The error is used as a compensation for H (2) t (z), and the result is exactly the approximate value H (2) s (z)obtained by the Simpson formula. According to the conclusion, the Romberg algorithm is summed as shown in Formula (3) [14], in which, n represents the multiple of the sampling frequency, 1 represents the sampling frequency when it is doubled, 0 represents the sampling frequency when it is a constant, and −1 represents the sampling frequency when it is halved.…”

“…The Romberg algorithm is used to achieve high-precision digital integrators. The principle is as follows: The error between the approximate integral value (2) ( ) t H z obtained by the trapezoidal formula and the exact value is about )) (…”

“…. The error is used as a compensation for (2) [14], in which, n represents the multiple of the sampling frequency, 1 represents the sampling frequency when it is doubled, 0 represents the sampling frequency when it is a constant, and −1 represents the sampling frequency when it is halved. The basic principle of the Romberg algorithm is shown in Figure 5.…”

“…The development of the smart grid has reached consensus around the world [1][2][3]. The smart grid has the characteristics of covering a wide range of geographical locations, controlling a large amount of energy transmission, and regulating the real-time balance of power transmission.…”