Comprehensive Review on Video Watermarking Security Threats, Challenges, and Its Applications

Abstract

Data is a crucial resource for every business, and it must be protected both during storage and transmission. One efficient way of securing data and transferring it is through digital watermarking, where data is hidden inside a medium like text, audio, or video. Video watermarking is visible or invisible embedded data on a video in a logo, text, or video copyright disclaimer. In this proposed paper, the goal is to analyze the characteristics of video watermarking algorithms and the different metrics used for them. It deals with the extent to which the different requirements can be fulfilled, taking into consideration the conflicts between them and the practical challenges of video watermarking in terms of attacks like geometric attacks and non-geometric attacks. It also focuses on the process of watermarking a video. Recent advances in data security indicate that employing a video watermarking technology to transmit private data will be an effective method of transmitting sensitive data.

A comprehensive taxonomy on multimedia video forgery detection techniques: challenges and novel trends

“…Security solutions are divided into two categories in general: cryptography and data concealing [ 140 ]. Data hiding technology mainly consists of stenography [ 112 ], digital watermark [ 82 ], and anonymous and covert communication [ 222 ], as shown in Fig. 18 .…”

Invisible Video Watermarking Based on Frame Selection and LSB Embedding

“…To safeguard the image, video, and audio data, watermarking is a popular information embedding technique. Video watermarking is the type of watermarking technique that is most frequently utilized, due to the increasing frequency of copyright infringement and abuse in video media content [2]. The goal of utilizing a video watermark is to prevent copyright infringement of the real owner of the video.…”

“…Basic watermark systems consisting of encoders and decoders face several significant challenges, such as imperceptibility, security, robustness, and blind detection capabilities [2,3]. The procedure of embedding a watermark in a video can negatively affect its viewability, as additional data is added to the original content.…”

“…Watermarks if not visible to the human eye are said to be imperceptible and difficult to detect using detection tools [2,4,5]. The insertion of watermarks should not have a negative impact on the quality of a video.…”

A Robust Video Watermarking Algorithm Based on Two-Dimensional Discrete Fourier Transform

“…Since a robust video watermarking algorithm which can extract the watermark correctly even after intentional and unintentional attacks is a key requirement of copyright protection, we focus on robust video watermarking in this paper. According to embedding and extraction methods, the video watermarking algorithms can be classified into compression domain-based video watermarking and content-based video watermarking [5]. In compression domain-based watermarking techniques, the watermark is usually embedded during the encoding process, such as MPEG-2, MPEG-4, H.264/AVC, or H.265/HEVC.…”