Comprehensive review of commutation failure in HVDC transmission systems

Zhou, Hongyu; Yao, Wei; Ai, Xiaomeng; Li, Dahu; Wen, Jinyu; Li, Chenghao

doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107768

Cited by 39 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…The reference value of α Inv , that is, α Inv,ref , is given by (24). Including φ, the adjustment to α Inv , that is, Δα Inv,nf , is given by (25).…”

Section: Firing Angle Adjustment At the Non-fault Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When using the measured I dc to find the firing angle of the non‐fault layer, it is expected to weaken the adverse effect of the dc harmonics on the calculation results. Therefore, the moving average filter (MAF) [25] is applied to measure I dc . The start‐up logic of the proposed coordinated control is given by, With the asymmetric fault, the zero‐sequence e z of the ac voltage (26) is detected.…”

Section: Coordinated Control Of the Inverters At Both Layers To Suppr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

\begin{equation} \left\{ \def\eqcellsep{&}\begin{array}{l} {e_{{\alpha}}} = \displaystyle\frac{2}{3}{e_{\rm{a}}} - \displaystyle\frac{1}{3}\left( {{e_{\rm{b}}} + {e_{\rm{c}}}} \right)\\[6pt] {e_{{\beta}}} = \displaystyle\frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{3}\left( {{e_{\rm{b}}} - {e_{\rm{c}}}} \right)\\[6pt] {e_{{\rm{\alpha \beta }}}} = \sqrt {e_{{\alpha}}^{\rm{2}} + e_{{\beta}}^{\rm{2}}} \end{array} \right..\end{equation}

If Δ I dc is larger than the critical value Δ I dc,cr , the proposed control is activated.

\begin{equation}\Delta {I_{{\rm{dc,cr}}}} = \frac{{\sqrt 2 {E_{{\rm{ac,ra}}}}}}{{{k_{{\rm{ct}}}}{X_{{\rm{eq,Inv}}}}}}\left( {cos{\gamma _{{\rm{cr}}}} + cos{\alpha _{{\rm{Inv,ra}}}}} \right) - 2{I_{{\rm{dc,ra}}}}.\end{equation}

To avoid maloperation, the triggering signal is extended to 20 ms [25, 30]. …”

Section: Coordinated Control Of the Inverters At Both Layers To Suppr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [23, 24], the dc current order limitation method is used to limit dc current during the ac fault and reduce the probability of the CF. Some research devoted to optimizing the dynamic response of the voltage‐dependent current order limiter (VDCOL) [25, 26]. The control characteristic of the HVDC is applied to modify the extinction angle control in [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Suppression to concurrent commutation failure of UHVDC with hierarchical connection mode based on improved dc current prediction

2023

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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For the ultra high‐voltage dc (UHVDC) transmission with hierarchical connection mode (HCM) at the inverter side, local commutation failure (LCF) at one layer after the ac fault may cause concurrent commutation failure (CCF) at the non‐fault layer. The inter‐layer couplings at the ac and dc sides add the difficulty to suppress the CCF. The fault instant may decide the dc current variation during the commutation, which affects the suppression effect. This paper shows the mechanism of the CCF including the inter‐layer ac and dc coupling, and proposes a control method for the inverter at the fault and non‐fault layers. First, an analytical expression among the dc current, ac voltage, and extinction angle of both layers is newly derived to find the dominant factors to the CCF. Second, to improve the calculation accuracy, a three‐point sampling function using Newton interpolation is newly proposed to predict the dc current. Finally, a coordinated control strategy based on the constant extinction area, the overlap‐arc area, and the dominant factor of the CCF is proposed to adjust the firing angle and suppress the CCF. The simulation results using the PSCAD/EMTDC software are given to verify the control effect of the proposed method against the CCF.

show abstract

“…The reference value of α Inv , that is, α Inv,ref , is given by (24). Including φ, the adjustment to α Inv , that is, Δα Inv,nf , is given by (25).…”

Section: Firing Angle Adjustment At the Non-fault Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coordinated Control Of the Inverters At Both Layers To Suppr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

\begin{equation} \left\{ \def\eqcellsep{&}\begin{array}{l} {e_{{\alpha}}} = \displaystyle\frac{2}{3}{e_{\rm{a}}} - \displaystyle\frac{1}{3}\left( {{e_{\rm{b}}} + {e_{\rm{c}}}} \right)\\[6pt] {e_{{\beta}}} = \displaystyle\frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{3}\left( {{e_{\rm{b}}} - {e_{\rm{c}}}} \right)\\[6pt] {e_{{\rm{\alpha \beta }}}} = \sqrt {e_{{\alpha}}^{\rm{2}} + e_{{\beta}}^{\rm{2}}} \end{array} \right..\end{equation}

If Δ I dc is larger than the critical value Δ I dc,cr , the proposed control is activated.

\begin{equation}\Delta {I_{{\rm{dc,cr}}}} = \frac{{\sqrt 2 {E_{{\rm{ac,ra}}}}}}{{{k_{{\rm{ct}}}}{X_{{\rm{eq,Inv}}}}}}\left( {cos{\gamma _{{\rm{cr}}}} + cos{\alpha _{{\rm{Inv,ra}}}}} \right) - 2{I_{{\rm{dc,ra}}}}.\end{equation}

To avoid maloperation, the triggering signal is extended to 20 ms [25, 30]. …”

Section: Coordinated Control Of the Inverters At Both Layers To Suppr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Suppression to concurrent commutation failure of UHVDC with hierarchical connection mode based on improved dc current prediction

2023

IET Generation Trans & Dist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…High-voltage equipment used in power generation is continuously being developed in order to reduce production costs, improve efficiency, and, more recently, minimize environmental impact (Tzelepis et al, 2020;Zhou et al, 2022). Over the past decades, a series of changes have taken place in high-voltage apparatus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stator single-line-to-ground fault protection for powerformers based on HSGC and CNN

et al. 2022

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It is necessary for powerformers running in parallel to identify which powerformer occurs at the stator single-line-to-ground (SLG) fault. Some state-of-the-art fusion discriminations are used to identify stator SLG fault, but these methods extract fault features artificially, and application conditions are limited. Convolutional neural network (CNN) has shown superior automatic feature extraction ability in various fields, but it cannot directly extract features from one-dimensional time series vectors collected by powerformers. Therefore, this article proposed a novel SLG fault protection scheme based on the hub-and-spoke grid data converting algorithm (HSGC) and CNN. First, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients (PCCs) are used to calculate the correlations of one-dimensional time series vectors, establish a correspondence between them and the distance of two-dimensional grid cells, and then convert one-dimensional time series vectors to two-dimensional grid-structured data by HSGC. Second, the trained CNN automatically extracts the features of two-dimensional grid-structured data. Finally, the faulty powerformer can be identified based on the output of CNN. The proposed protection scheme is verified through the simulation of ATP-EMTP and Python. The results show that the scheme can accurately detect a faulty Powerformer under different conditions where neutral point is high-resistance or reactance grounding, even if fault resistance is 8,000 Ω.

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A Policy Framework for Cost Effective Production of Electricity Using Renewable Energy

Hossen,

Dola,

Sagar

et al. 2023

Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems

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Comprehensive review of commutation failure in HVDC transmission systems

Cited by 39 publications

References 104 publications

Suppression to concurrent commutation failure of UHVDC with hierarchical connection mode based on improved dc current prediction

Suppression to concurrent commutation failure of UHVDC with hierarchical connection mode based on improved dc current prediction

Stator single-line-to-ground fault protection for powerformers based on HSGC and CNN

A Policy Framework for Cost Effective Production of Electricity Using Renewable Energy

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