Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are regarded as the most promising next‐generation energy storage systems due to their high energy density and cost‐effectiveness. However, their practical applications are seriously hindered by several inevitable drawbacks, especially the shuttle effects of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) which lead to rapid capacity decay and short cycling lifespan. This review specifically concentrates on the shuttle path of LiPSs and their interaction with the corresponding cell components along the moving way, systematically retrospect the recent advances and strategies toward polysulfides diffusion suppression. Overall, the strategies for the shuttle effect inhibition can be classified into four parts, including capturing the LiPSs in the sulfur cathode, reducing the dissolution in electrolytes, blocking the shuttle channels by functional separators, and preventing the chemical reaction between LiPSs and Li metal anode. Herein, the fundamental aspect of Li–S batteries is introduced first to give an in‐deep understanding of the generation and shuttle effect of LiPSs. Then, the corresponding strategies toward LiPSs shuttle inhibition along the diffusion path are discussed step by step. Finally, general conclusions and perspectives for future research on shuttle issues and practical application of Li–S batteries are proposed.

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Although several morphological variations and classification of the suprascapular notch (SSN) were reported in western populations, little attention has been paid to this anatomic issue in the Chinese population. In this research of SSN morphology in Chinese people, 295 specimens of intact dry Chinese adult scapulas were investigated and measured thoroughly and systematically. Morphological features of SSN variations were observed by visual inspection, and correlation parameters of variability and classification were measured in digital images with image processing software and bones with a vernier caliper, respectively. The incidence of different subtypes of SSN classification and comparative analysis of correlation parameters were calculated. It was interesting that a new variable morphology of SSN with a double suprascapular foramen had been found. We found the most prevalent groups were Type II (an incisura that was longer in its transverse diameter) and Type III (an incisura that was longer in its vertical diameter) which accounted for 58.16 and 28.23%, respectively. The circumference and area of Type II and Type III was larger than those of Type IV. The thickness of 1 mm below the lowest point of the SSN ranges from 0.55 to 3.00 mm. Eight cases with a narrow groove on the lowest point of SSN and four cases with bony canals formed by the ossified superior transverse scapular ligament were found. Further, the distance between the SSN and bony landmarks were varied. For AD (the distance between the lowest point of the SSN and the supraglenoid tubercle), Type I was largest, followed by the Type II, Type III, and Type IV. For AE (the distance between the lowest point of the SSN and the base of the spinoglenoid notch), Type IV was the shortest and there was no statistical difference between other types. This study reveals that SSN variations are common in Chinese population. This anatomic information is important in the management of entrapment neuropathy or interventional procedure of the SSN.

Background. Studies revealed that metabolic factors might contribute substantially to osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. There has been an increasing interest to understand the relationship between knee OA and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The purpose of this study was to explore the association between metabolic syndrome and knee osteoarthritis using meta-analysis. Methods. Databases, including PUBMED, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, were searched to get relevant studies. Data were extracted separately by two authors and pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Results. The meta-analysis was finished with 8 studies with a total of 3202 cases and 20968 controls finally retrieved from the database search. The crude pooled OR is 2.24 (95% CI = 1.38–3.64). Although there was significant heterogeneity among these studies, which was largely accounted for by a single study, the increase in risk was still significant after exclusion of that study. The pooled adjusted OR remained significant with pooled adjusted OR 1.05 (95% CI = 1.03–1.07, p < 0.00001). No publication bias was found in the present meta-analysis. Conclusions. The synthesis of available evidence supports that metabolic syndrome increases the risk for knee osteoarthritis, even after adjustment for many risk factors.

Although several morphological variations of sacrum have been reported in western populations, little attention has been paid to this anatomic issue in eastern people, and classification of sacral variability in particular. In this research of sacral morphology in Chinese people, we investigated and measured thoroughly and systematically 203 specimens of intact dry Chinese adult sacra. Morphological features of sacral variations were observed by visual inspection, and correlation parameters of variability were measured with a vernier caliper. The incidence of sacral variations was calculated. We found that the overall rate of sacral variations was 58.1% (male: 57.4%; female: 59.5%). The anatomical variants that we observed fell into the following five categories: accessory auricular surface (25 specimens, 12.3%); sacral skewness (48 specimens, 23.6%); transitional vertebra (34 specimens, 16.7%); sacral spina bifida occulta (57 specimens, 28.1%), Degrees I, II, and III of which were 36, 14, and 7 specimens, respectively; multiple variations (42 specimens, 20.7%), the types of which were diversified. This study reveals that sacral variations are common in Chinese population. The sacral variants in anatomic morphology should be taken into consideration when diagnosing and treating sacrum-related diseases.

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Acromioclavicular dislocation (ACD) is a common injury. According to the Rockwood classification, ACD is classified into six types (type I–VI); however, for type III injuries, it remains controversial whether or not operative treatment should be applied. Numerous studies have advocated early surgical treatment to ensure early rehabilitation activities. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate a modified closed-loop double-endobutton technique (MCDT), that may be used to repair Rockwood type III ACD. In the current study, 61 patients with Rockwood type III ACD were enrolled during a period of 5 years at the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University. Patients were divided into three groups according to the surgical method used, the MCDT group (n=20), the common closed-loop double-endobutton technique (CCDT) group (n=21), and the clavicular hook plate fixation (CHPF) group (n=20). Preoperative and intraoperative information were recorded. Furthermore, the functional scores of injured shoulder were evaluated prior to surgery and following surgery with a 1-year follow-up. Among the three groups, postoperative functional scores were significantly more improved compared with those prior to surgery (P<0.05), and no significant difference was observed regarding the coracoclavicular interval with the 1-year follow-up (P>0.05). Postoperative functional scores in the MCDT and CCDT groups were significantly more improved compared those in the CHPF group (P<0.05). In addition, the duration of surgery in the MCDT group was significantly shorter compared with that in the CCDT group (P<0.05). Furthermore, compared with the CHPF group, the incision length was significantly shorter with reduced hemorrhage in the MCDT group (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of the current study suggest that MCDT is more simple, convenient and efficient compared with CCDT, and is worth popularizing.