Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo studies of novel melt-derived Nb-substituted 45S5 bioglass reveal its enhanced bioactive properties for bone healing

Abstract

The present work presents and discusses the results of a comprehensive study on the bioactive properties of Nb-substituted silicate glass derived from 45S5 bioglass. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed. We undertook three different types of in vitro analyses: (i) investigation of the kinetics of chemical reactivity and the bioactivity of Nb-substituted glass in simulated body fluid (SBF) by 31P MASNMR spectroscopy, (ii) determination of ionic leaching profiles in buffered solution by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and (iii) assessment of the compatibility and osteogenic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) treated with dissolution products of different compositions of Nb-substituted glass. The results revealed that Nb-substituted glass is not toxic to hESCs. Moreover, adding up to 1.3 mol% of Nb2O5 to 45S5 bioglass significantly enhanced its osteogenic capacity. For the in vivo experiments, trial glass rods were implanted into circular defects in rat tibia in order to evaluate their biocompatibility and bioactivity. Results showed all Nb-containing glass was biocompatible and that the addition of 1.3 mol% of Nb2O5, replacing phosphorous, increases the osteostimulation of bioglass. Therefore, these results support the assertion that Nb-substituted glass is suitable for biomedical applications.

Nanocellulose/bioactive glass cryogels as scaffolds for bone regeneration

“…22 Here, we propose cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), which effectively form networks in composites, to form porous macrostructures that are able to grow and regenerate bone by the addition of bioactive glass. 23,24 Thus, the high mechanical performance of the cellulose nanostructures is combined with the bioactivity of the mineral component (containing SiO 2 , CaO, Na 2 O, and P 2 O) to form an advanced biomedical composite. This strategy overcomes the two main obstacles found in the individual use of these materials for bone tissue engineering, namely, the absence of bioactivity in nanocellulose and the brittleness of the bioactive glass and the challenges it poses in manufacturing complex structures.…”

Evaluation of effectiveness of 45S5 bioglass doped with niobium for repairing critical‐sized bone defect in in vitro and in vivo models

“…These ions then precipitate to form an amorphous calcium phosphorous layer that then crystalizes to form a layer of hydroxyl carbonate apatite (Ca 5 [PO 4 ] 3 OH) (HCA) on its surface (Jones, 2013;Martin, Twyman, Qiu, Knowles, & Newport, 2009). Many variations of the original Bioglass 45S5 composition have been designed and investigated in the hope of improving the biological properties (Jones, 2013;Lopes et al, 2013;Lopes et al, 2017;Souza et al, 2018). Many variations of the original Bioglass 45S5 composition have been designed and investigated in the hope of improving the biological properties (Jones, 2013;Lopes et al, 2013;Lopes et al, 2017;Souza et al, 2018).…”

“…Due to its micro-/nano-scale complexity this HCA layer supports the adsorption of adhesive proteins that will further anchor integrin proteins in osteogenic cells, which will allow the cells to attach, spread, and produce mineralized bone matrix while the biomaterial slowly dissolves, until it is completely substituted by the new-formed bone (Hench et al, 1971;Hench et al, 2000;Jones, 2013;Kowal et al, 2017). Many variations of the original Bioglass 45S5 composition have been designed and investigated in the hope of improving the biological properties (Jones, 2013;Lopes et al, 2013;Lopes et al, 2017;Souza et al, 2018).…”

In vitro and in vivo osteogenic potential of niobium‐doped 45S5 bioactive glass: A comparative study

“…The glass compositions were prepared using a traditional melt‐quenching technique since it is the most widespread method used to produce the currently commercialized bioactive glasses (Hench, ; Hench, ; Hench & Wilson, ). The detailed process of preparation of bioactive glass samples is described in our previous publication (Lopes et al, ; Souza et al, ). In brief, high purity SiO 2 , Na 2 CO 3 , CaCO 3 , and P 2 O 5 powders (>99.9%) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri) except for the niobium oxide (Nb 2 O 5 ) that was donated by the CBMM (Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e Mineração, Araxá, Minas Gerais, Brazil).…”

“…Previous studies have investigated the biological effect of substituting niobium pentoxide for phosphorous pentoxide within the glassy matrix (Souza et al, ). The present study is the first investigation to evaluate the properties of the bioactive glass whereby niobium pentoxide is partially substituted for silicon dioxide.…”