Comprehensive examination of acid leaching behaviour of mineral phases from red mud: Recovery of Fe, Al, Ti, and Si

Pepper, Rachel A.; Couperthwaite, Sara J.; Millar, Graeme J.

doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2016.09.012

Cited by 124 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The Figure 2 shows that temperature had little effect on the degree of iron extraction into solution. It should however be noted that the iron extraction at a temperature of 70 ∘ C was lower than at 50 ∘ C, which appears to be associated with the precipitation of iron sulfate, which was also discovered in [6].…”

Section: Sulfuric Acid Leaching Of the Solid Residuementioning

confidence: 77%

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Red Mud as an Additional Source of Titanium Raw Materials

Shoppert¹,

Логинова²

2017

Kms

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In this study the extraction of titanium from bauxite residue (red mud) with 2 step acid leaching was proposed. In the first step red mud was leached with diluted hydrochloric acid under stirring to remove the soluble Ca, Na, Al, Si and K at 25 ∘ C and pH=3 for 1hour. The content of iron and titanium in the solid residue increased to 57.7% and 6.4%, respectively. The factors influencing sulfuric acid leaching of the solid residue in the second stage were examined by factorial design. The optimal iron and titanium extraction efficiency was obtained after leaching at 50 ∘ C and L:S ration 20:1 for 90 min when 80 g/L sulfuric acid was used. The titanium oxide content in the concentrate obtained under the optimum conditions amounted to 46.7%. The maximum recovery of titanium in the sulfuric acid solution has not exceeded 6%.

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Section: Sulfuric Acid Leaching Of the Solid Residuementioning

confidence: 77%

“…Hydrometallurgical techniques include leaching of red mud with various inorganic and organic acids to extract Ti in solution [6,7] or to obtain titanium-enriched solid residue [8,9]. Extraction of titanium in the solution does not exceed 70%, and its content in the enriched solid residue -40%.…”

Section: Kne Materials Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Red Mud as an Additional Source of Titanium Raw Materials

Shoppert¹,

Логинова²

2017

Kms

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“…According to Davris et al [45] and Pepper et al [46] temperature plays a crucial role in the bauxite residue dissolution. The extraction of aluminosilicate (Ga) phases in bauxite residue has been shown to increase with the increasing reaction temperatures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Gallium from Bauxite Residue Using Combined Oxalic Acid Leaching with Adsorption onto Zeolite HY

Ujaczki

Courtney

Cusack

et al. 2019

J. Sustain. Metall.

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Bauxite residue, the byproduct of alumina production, may potentially be a valuable source of strategically important metals, e.g. Gallium. Ga is considered critical element for the EU. To ensure adequate supply of Ga for the future, secondary sources such as bauxite residue should be exploited with efficient extraction methods. Therefore, in this study, mineral acids (H 2 SO 4 , HCl, and HNO 3) and an organic acid (H 2 C 2 O 4-oxalic acid), were evaluated for their efficiencies to extract Ga from bauxite residue. Using H 2 C 2 O 4 , the highest Ga leaching efficiencies were achieved, compared to other acids. The achieved leaching experimental results were considered for the construction of a design of experiment (DOE) model to achieve optimal conditions for Ga extraction using H 2 C 2 O 4. These values were validated by experiments which resulted in ~ 94% accuracy. In the second part of the study, using pure Ga solution, the adsorption of Ga onto zeolite HY was studied. The effects of adsorbent dosage, temperature, and contact time on the adsorption of Ga from solution by zeolite HY were studied. The obtained adsorption experimental results were used to construct a DOE model to achieve optimal conditions for Ga adsorption on to zeolite HY. The DOE-achieved optimal conditions were evaluated by experiments in pure Ga solution, which resulted in an efficiency of ~ 99.4 %. In the third stage, the bauxite residue was leached in H 2 C 2 O 4 under the optimal DOE conditions which resulted in 71% efficiency; thus the resulting bauxite residue solution was subjected to adsorption using zeolite HY under the optimal DOE conditions achieved. The Ga adsorption onto the zeolite was only 16% compared to the Ga adsorption of 99.4 % under the pure Ga solution, thus, representing the influences of the other leachates in the solution, which are minimizing the Ga adsorption onto the zeolite HY and providing an opportunity for future studies on the different mechanisms involved.

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“…The acid counter ion severely influences iron, with HCl resulting in the highest recovery [45]. Chloride ions compared to sulfate more easily replace the hydroxyl groups of hematite, and iron is readily released in the solution [58]. Thorough studying of the processes and mechanisms taking place is beyond the scope of this study.…”

Section: Preliminary Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mineral acids were found to be more suitable, resulting in higher Sc recovery and favoring following processes, e.g., ion exchange and solvent extraction. Method yield and selectivity highly depend on the type of mineral acid used, as well as the leaching parameters [28,58,59].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Conditions for Scandium Extraction from Bauxite Residue Using Taguchi Methodology

et al. 2019

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Bauxite residue is the voluminous by-product of alumina production after Bayer process. Its high alkalinity causes disposal problems and harmful environmental impacts. However, the residue contains significant amounts of valuable elements, such as rare earth elements, including scandium. Greek bauxite residue contains a high amount of scandium close to its main resources. Taking into account scandium’s limited availability coupled with its high demand in modern technology, bauxite residue could be considered as a potential resource for scandium recovery. In this study, the optimization of scandium extraction from bauxite residue with sulfuric acid is investigated using Taguchi methodology. Based on previous studies, acid molarity, leaching time, solid/liquid ratio, and reaction temperature were selected as control parameters for the selective Sc recovery. Method optimization targeted the highest concentration of scandium combined with the lowest concentration of iron without taking into account application constraints. Maximization of scandium concentration can be achieved only by reduced selectivity. The predicted values resulted from the Taguchi methodology were affirmed by a confirmation experiment conducted at optimal conditions. Regression analysis provided the respective equations to be applied on several conditions, depending on different applications.

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Comprehensive examination of acid leaching behaviour of mineral phases from red mud: Recovery of Fe, Al, Ti, and Si

Cited by 124 publications

References 30 publications

Red Mud as an Additional Source of Titanium Raw Materials

Red Mud as an Additional Source of Titanium Raw Materials

Recovery of Gallium from Bauxite Residue Using Combined Oxalic Acid Leaching with Adsorption onto Zeolite HY

Optimizing Conditions for Scandium Extraction from Bauxite Residue Using Taguchi Methodology

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