Comprehensive analysis on orthopedic drilling: A state-of-the-art review

The bone drilling process is characterised by various parameters, the most important of which are the feed rate (mm/s) and the drill speed (rpm). They highly reflect the final effects and results of the drilling process, such as mechanical and thermal damages of bone tissue and hole quality. During manual drilling, these parameters are controlled by the surgeon based on his practical skills. But automatic drilling can assure an optimal result of the manipulation where such parameters are under control. During bicortical automatic bone drilling such a process consists of several stages: searching the contact with the first cortex, cortex drilling and automatic stop; searching the contact with the second cortex, cortex drilling and automatic stop; drill bit extraction. This work presents a way to control the feed rate during different stages of the bone drilling process (an original feed rate control algorithm) using the orthopaedic drilling robot (ODRO). The feed rate control is based on a proposed algorithm created and realised by specific software. During bicortical bone drilling process the feed rate takes various values in any stage in the range 0.5–6 mm/s. These values depend on drill bit position and real time force sensor data. The novelty of this work is the synthesis of an original feed rate control algorithm to solve the main problems of bone drilling in orthopaedic surgery – minimisation the drilling time (the heat generation); eliminating of the drill bit slip at the first (near) cortex and the drill bit bending at the second (far) cortex; minimising the risk of micro cracks which causes Traumatic Osteonecrosis; improving hole quality of the drilled holes; eliminating of the drill bit slip and the drill bit bending at the second cortex; minimising the value of the second cortex drill bit penetration by bicortical bone drilling.

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“…This causes the drill to bend when drilling the second cortex, leading to hole inaccuracy and increased friction and heat generation. 4…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Largely, investigations are oriented towards determining parameter values which aim at minimising the level of bone cell thermal osteonecrosis. 4,5…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feed rate control in robotic bone drilling process

Boiadjiev

Delchev

et al. 2020

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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“…Porcine cortical bone was selected for the experiment with human cortical bone because the properties of porcine cortical bone and human cortical bone are very similar. 35 Before use, the soft tissue outside the femur and marrow from the middle of the bone were removed and the femoral joint was partially sawn off with a hacksaw. In preparation for the tests, five femurs were prepared, and 8–16 test holes were drilled in each femur.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface quality and pullout strength of ultrasonically-assisted drilling cortical bone

Fan

Zhang

et al. 2020

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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Bone surgery is a complex process involving sustainable and healthy human recuperation, but poor surface quality and loose implant fixtures can affect the recovery time of orthopedic patients. However, it has been demonstrated that the application of ultrasonic vibration during drilling procedures can improve the success of bone remediation procedures. The focus of the present paper was on the investigation of surface quality and pullout strength of drilled holes. After analyzing the special kinematic characteristics of the ultrasonically-assisted drilling (UAD), UAD testing using fresh cortical bone was carried out and compared with the results obtained after conventional drilling (CD) procedures. Surface roughness measurements and microscope examination were used to evaluate surface quality, and an electro-mechanical tensile machine was used to measure pullout resistance. The test findings indicated that surface roughness was reduced by 17–68.7% when using UAD; the axial pullout strength of screws inserted into UAD holes was significantly increased by 4.28–30.1% compared to that of CD. It was found also that low spindle speeds and high feed rates reduced surface quality and the stability of the inserted cortical screws. The findings demonstrated that UAD produced better surface quality and higher pullout strengths, which could provide greater stability for implants and improved post-operative recovery.

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“…Over the years, researchers have published numerous bone drilling research, focusing on the drilling parameters, including several excellent review papers. 18,99,113,126,142,183 However, none has compiled and updated the works related to the development of drill bit design despite the growing interest in this topic.…”

Section: Novel Contributions and Objectives Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical Drill Bit Design and Thermomechanical Damage in Bone Drilling: A Review

Akhbar

Sulong

2020

Ann Biomed Eng

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As drilling generates substantial bone thermomechanical damage due to inappropriate cutting tool selection, researchers have proposed various approaches to mitigate this problem. Among these, improving the drill bit design is one of the most feasible and economical solutions. The theory and applications in drill design have been progressing, and research has been published in various fields. However, pieces of information on drill design are dispersed, and no comprehensive review paper focusing on this topic. Systemizing this information is crucial and, therefore, the impetus of this review. Here, we review not only the state-of-the-art in drill bit designs-advances in surgical drill bit design-but also the influences of each drill bit geometries on bone damage. Also, this work provides future directions for this topic and guidelines for designing an improved surgical drill bit. The information in this paper would be useful as a onestop document for clinicians, engineers, and researchers who require information related to the tool design in bone drilling surgery.

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Comprehensive analysis on orthopedic drilling: A state-of-the-art review

Cited by 26 publications

References 109 publications

Feed rate control in robotic bone drilling process

Feed rate control in robotic bone drilling process

Surface quality and pullout strength of ultrasonically-assisted drilling cortical bone

Surgical Drill Bit Design and Thermomechanical Damage in Bone Drilling: A Review

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