Surgical Drill Bit Design and Thermomechanical Damage in Bone Drilling: A Review

Akhbar, Mohd Faizal Ali; Sulong, Akmal Wani

doi:10.1007/s10439-020-02600-2

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 180 publications

(343 reference statements)

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“…Chip formation during bone drilling is a discontinuous phenomenon due to the shearing process that continues and tends to cluster leading to chip clogging, as the depth of drilling continues to increases [16]. Clogged drilling hole and drill flutes lead to an increase in drilling force [16], torque [16], temperature [17] and can even cause the drill bit to break [18]. Chip shape and morphology depends on the cutting tool geometric parameters and drilling parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel technique of harvesting cortical bone grafts during orthopaedic surgeries

Agarwal

Gupta

Jain

2021

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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The harvesting and implanting of bone graft is a complicated and expensive orthopaedic procedure. This study introduces a unique designed hollow drill bit and a novel technique of rotary ultrasonic drilling of porcine bone to get a precise hole for screw insertion and can harvest cortical bone graft with the least bone debris generation. The new diamond impregnated hollow drill bit is compared with the conventional surgical drill bit with and without providing the ultrasonic vibrations. Also, variation in diamonds grit sizes (fine 70 µm, medium 155 µm, coarse 250 µm) and various process parameters like rotational speeds (500 rpm, 1500 rpm, 2500 rpm), feedrate (10 mm/min, 30 mm/min, 50 mm/min) and amplitude (4 µm, 12 µm, 20 µm) were optimised for enriched graft quality of bone. The diamond hollow tool provides a cylindrical bone graft as per the geometry of hollow bit whereas the surgical drill gives dense spiral-shaped bone debris. While providing no ultrasonic vibrations to hollow bit, segmented bone grafts were observed. The optimised parameters for a continuous uniform rod-shaped bone graft with the least graft deformity are obtained with drilling at rotational speed of 2500 rpm, feedrate of 10 mm/min, using fine (70 µm) diamond abrasives and amplitude of 4 µm. Rotary ultrasonic bone drilling is a better alternative method to reduce the bone debris formation and is capable of providing solid cylindrical rod-shaped cortical bone graft using a fine (70 µm) diamond coated hollow drill tool. This first successful trail-based in-vitro study relates the chip morphology of bone debris with the graft quality of bone obtained during the surgery.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel technique of harvesting cortical bone grafts during orthopaedic surgeries

Agarwal

Gupta

Jain

2021

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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“…In the condenser, Nusselt model of film condensation [33] is applied. The average heat transfer coefficient can be calculated as (8) To ensure the thermal balance, the heat goes into the evaporator should be transferred to the outside of the condenser, where the heat goes out of the condenser can be calculated as…”

Section: Design Of Rotating Heat Pipe Drillmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Part of the heat is discharged via chips, while a greater portion enters the drill bit and the bone. Because of the low thermal conductivity of bone (0.16-12.8 W•m −1 •K −1 [5][6][7]), the drilling heat accumulates in the machining zone, causing a bone temperature rise [8]. The incidence of thermal necrosis and irreversible damage to the bone increases while the bone temperature reaches the critical value of 47 • C and maintains for 60 s, which will damage the soft tissues, weaken the interaction between the screw and bone, increase the possibility of complication, operation failure or prolonged healing time [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Management of Bone Drilling Based on Rotating Heat Pipe

et al. 2021

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Bone drilling is a common surgical operation, which often causes an increase in bone temperature. A temperature above 47 °C for 60 s is the critical temperature that can be allowed in bone drilling because of thermal bone osteonecrosis. Therefore, thermal management in bone drilling by a rotating heat pipe was proposed in this study. A new rotating heat pipe drill was designed, and its heat transfer mechanism and thermal management performance was investigated at occasions with different input heat flux and rotational speed. Results show that boiling and convection heat transfer occurred in the evaporator and film condensation appears in the condenser. The thermal resistance decreases with the increase of the rotational speed at the range from 1200 to 2000 rpm and it decreases as the input heat flux rises from 5000 to 10,000 W/m2 and increases at 20,000 W/m2. The temperature on the drill tip was found to be 46.9 °C with an input heat flux of 8000 W/m2 and a rotational speed of 2000 rpm. The new designed rotating heat pipe drill showed a good prospect for application to bone drilling operations.

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“…However, reducing irrigation may result in more limited visualization during fine and precise movements; moreover, chip clogging of the drill and increased friction can occur [ 6 , 19 ]. With a less effective drill, preparation times and temperatures may also increase [ 1 , 20 ]. Higher and longer lasting temperature peaks, and specifically those exceeding the 5.5 °C increase threshold, may lead to pulpal necrosis, and an excessive temperature increase of 3–10 °C can lead to periodontal malformations (e.g., alveolar bone necrosis, bone loss, and ankylosis) [ 1 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of spray air settings of speed-increasing contra-angle handpieces on intrapulpal temperatures, drilling times, and coolant spray pattern

Lempel

Szalma

2021

Clin Oral Invest

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Objectives Decreasing aerosol leaks are of great interest, especially in the recent era of COVID-19. The aim was to investigate intrapulpal heat development, coolant spray patterns, and the preparation efficiency of speed-increasing contra-angle handpieces with the spray air on (mist) or off (water jet) settings during restorative cavity preparations. Methods Standard-sized cavities were prepared in 80 extracted intact human molar teeth using diamond cylindrical drills with a 1:5 speed-increasing contra-angle handpiece. A custom-made device maintained the standardized lateral drilling force (3 N) and predetermined depth. Temperatures were measured using intrapulpal thermocouple probes. The four experimental groups were as follows: mist cooling mode at 15 mL/min (AIR15), water jet cooling mode at 15 mL/min (JET15), mist cooling mode at 30 mL/min (AIR30), and water jet cooling mode at 30 mL/min (JET30). The coolant spray pattern was captured using macro-photo imaging. Results The JET15 group had the highest increase in temperature (ΔT = 6.02 °C), while JET30 (ΔT = 2.24 °C; p < 0.001), AIR15 (ΔT = 3.34 °C; p = 0.042), and AIR30 (ΔT = 2.95 °C; p = 0.003) had significantly lower increases in temperature. Fine mist aerosol was formed in the AIR15 and AIR30 preparations but not in the JET15 and JET30 preparations (p < 0.001). The irrigation mode had no influence on the preparation time (p = 0.672). Conclusions Water jet irrigation using coolant at 30 mL/min appeared to be the optimal mode. Considering the safe intrapulpal temperatures and the absence of fine mist aerosols, this mode can be recommended for restorative cavity preparations. Clinical significance To increase infection control in dental practices, the water jet irrigation mode of speed-increasing handpieces with coolant flow rates of 30 mL/min should be considered for restorative cavity preparations.

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Surgical Drill Bit Design and Thermomechanical Damage in Bone Drilling: A Review

Cited by 31 publications

References 180 publications

A novel technique of harvesting cortical bone grafts during orthopaedic surgeries

A novel technique of harvesting cortical bone grafts during orthopaedic surgeries

Thermal Management of Bone Drilling Based on Rotating Heat Pipe

Effect of spray air settings of speed-increasing contra-angle handpieces on intrapulpal temperatures, drilling times, and coolant spray pattern

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