Comprehensive Analysis of the Geoeffective Solar Event of 21 June 2015: Effects on the Magnetosphere, Plasmasphere, and Ionosphere Systems

Abstract

A full-halo coronal mass ejection left the sun on June 21, 2015 from the active region NOAA 12371 encountering Earth on June 22, 2015, generating a G3 strong geomagnetic storm. The CME was associated with an M2 class flare observed at 01:42 UT, located near the center disk (N12E16). Using satellite data from solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric missions and ground-based instruments, we performed a comprehensive Sun-to-Earth analysis. In particular, we analyzed the active region evolution using ground-based and satellite instruments (BBSO, IRIS, HINODE, SDO/AIA, RHESSI --Halpha, EUV, UV, X), the AR magnetograms, using data from SDO HMI, the relative particle data, using PAMELA instruments and the effects of interplanetary perturbation on cosmic ray intensity. We also evaluated the

Geoelectric Field Evaluation During the September 2017 Geomagnetic Storm: MA.I.GIC. Model

“…It is well known that ground magnetic and electric variations are related to the coupling between the magnetosphere and the ionosphere (Alberti et al, ; Araki, ; Piersanti & Villante, ; Piersanti, Alberti, et al, ; Piersanti, Cesaroni, et al, , and reference therein) including (i) direct processes, like the transmission of electric fields and the flows of electric charges as field‐aligned currents and (ii) inductive processes between the ground and the current systems in the magnetosphere (during a GS, mainly related to the magnetopause and the ring current) and/or ionosphere. In order to investigate the different sources of GIC, MA.I.GIC.…”

“…To characterize the ground geomagnetic storm as best, we choose two magnetic observatories representative of low‐ and high‐latitude response, namely, Alibag (abg) located at λ =18.64°N; ϕ =72.9°E, and Fort Churchill (fcc) λ =58.76°N; ϕ =265.91°E ( λ and ϕ being the geographic latitude and longitude respectively). It is well known that the geomagnetic perturbations at low latitudes are principally controlled by the magnetospheric activity (such as the ring current and magnetopause current), while at high latitudes the ionospheric origin field plays a key role (Alberti et al, ; Piersanti & Villante, ; Piersanti, Alberti, et al, ).…”

“…Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are the principal geoeffective solar disturbances (Gosling, ; Piersanti, Alberti, et al, ; Shen et al, ). Their leading edges usually drive shock waves, called interplanetary shocks (ISs; Araki & Shinbori, ; Lugaz et al, ; Oliveira et al, ; Piersanti et al, ).…”

“…Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are the principal geoeffective solar disturbances (Gosling, ; Piersanti, Alberti, et al, ; Shen et al, ). Their leading edges usually drive shock waves, called interplanetary shocks (ISs; Araki & Shinbori, ; Lugaz et al, ; Oliveira et al, ; Piersanti et al, ). The impact of IS onto the magnetopause compresses the magnetosphere (Vellante et al, ; Villante & Piersanti, , ), causing a sudden increase in the geomagnetic field intensity, called a Sudden Impulse (SI), often followed by intense fluctuations of the magnetospheric field (Di Matteo & Villante, ; Piersanti et al, ; Villante et al, ; Zhang et al, ).…”

Editorial: Earth-affecting Solar Transients

“…Using a large array of ground-based and satellite instruments, Piersanti et al (2017) made a comprehensive analysis of the CME launched on 21 June 2015 and its specific effects on the magnetosphere, plasmasphere, and ionosphere. Rodkin et al (2017) studied the kinematic and thermodynamic properties of the CMEs that occurred on 2 -4 August 2011 and modeled their charge states to be consistent with in situ observations through estimating a probable heating rate of the CME plasma.…”