Geoelectric Field Evaluation During the September 2017 Geomagnetic Storm: MA.I.GIC. Model

Piersanti, Mirko; Matteo, Simone Di; Carter, Brett; Currie, Julie; D’Angelo, Giulia

doi:10.1029/2019sw002202

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(115 reference statements)

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“…No loss of lock has been found, contrary to what happened, for instance, during the well-known and much more intense (i.e. Dst -Disturbed Storm Time indexminimum value reached of −230 nT) St Patrick's Day storm that occurred on 17 March 2015 (Jin and Oksavik, 2018;De Michelis et al, 2016;Pignalberi et al, 2016), where vTEC measurements highlighted many losses of lock (figures not shown). The fact that no loss of lock has been found during the August geomagnetic storm means that the event was weak in terms of space weather effects on navigation systems.…”

Section: Ionospheric Responsementioning

confidence: 58%

From the Sun to Earth: effects of the 25 August 2018 geomagnetic storm

et al. 2020

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Abstract. On 25 August 2018 the interplanetary counterpart of the 20 August 2018 coronal mass ejection (CME) hit Earth, giving rise to a strong G3 geomagnetic storm. We present a description of the whole sequence of events from the Sun to the ground as well as a detailed analysis of the observed effects on Earth's environment by using a multi-instrumental approach. We studied the ICME (interplanetary-CME) propagation in interplanetary space up to the analysis of its effects in the magnetosphere, ionosphere and at ground level. To accomplish this task, we used ground- and space-collected data, including data from CSES (China Seismo-Electric Satellite), launched on 11 February 2018. We found a direct connection between the ICME impact point on the magnetopause and the pattern of Earth's auroral electrojets. Using the Tsyganenko TS04 model prevision, we were able to correctly identify the principal magnetospheric current system activating during the different phases of the geomagnetic storm. Moreover, we analysed the space weather effects associated with the 25 August 2018 solar event in terms of the evaluation of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) and identification of possible GPS (Global Positioning System) losses of lock. We found that, despite the strong geomagnetic storm, no loss of lock had been detected. On the contrary, the GIC hazard was found to be potentially more dangerous than other past, more powerful solar events, such as the 2015 St Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm, especially at latitudes higher than 60∘ in the European sector.

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Section: Ionospheric Responsementioning

confidence: 58%

From the Sun to Earth: effects of the 25 August 2018 geomagnetic storm

et al. 2020

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“…A number of additional geospace effects with notable potential to produce significant impacts on technological systems were also observed at Earth during this period. For instance, rapid changes in the terrestrial magnetic field environment caused strong geomagnetically induced currents, a phenomenon that can damage critical technological infrastructures that contain ground‐based conducting systems, such as power grids, railways, telecommunication cables, and oil and gas pipelines (Clilverd et al., 2018; Dimmock et al., 2019; Piersanti et al., 2019). The SEPs, which were identified to enter the magnetosphere, likewise increased the likelihood of failures in spacecraft electronics (O'Brien et al., 2018), and on the International Space Station, the Moon, and Mars, increased radiation doses were observed (Berger et al., 2018; Hassler et al., 2018; Schwadron et al., 2018).…”

Section: Solar Storms Of September 2017 and Their Effects At Earth Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the 10 September 2017 Solar Flare on the Density and Composition of the Thermosphere of Mars

et al. 2020

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The effects of solar flares on the upper atmosphere of Mars are large but poorly constrained by observations. These effects are an important aspect of the response of Mars to space weather events and may also influence the escape of volatiles from Mars, particularly in the solar system's early history. Here we report the effects of the X8.2 flare on 10 September 2017 on the density and composition of the thermosphere of Mars. This analysis uses neutral number densities of He, O, N 2 , CO, Ar, and CO 2 from the MAVEN Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS). From these observations, we investigate how the enhanced solar irradiance during the flare produced changes in the neutral upper atmosphere of Mars due to atmospheric heating and photochemistry. Flare-produced photochemical changes in the neutral thermosphere of Mars have been previously implied but not quantified. We find that at fixed altitudes, the number densities of all species barring He increase and the O/CO 2 ratio decreases by ∼15-45%, indicating thermal expansion. However, when viewed at fixed total number densities, the densities of CO 2 and Ar decrease, and the O/CO 2 ratio increases by up to a factor of ∼3. The photodissociation of CO 2 is one photochemical process that produces changes resembling those identified. The quantified changes will help to constrain the shifting chemical makeup of the upper atmosphere due to these impactful flare events and may aid modeling of flare behavior and the impact of flares on the evolution of the Martian climate.

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“…While detailed study of the spaceweather events and their geomagnetic impacts during September 2017 are previously well reported (e.g. Attie et al, 2018;Berger et al, 2018;Chamberlin et al, 2018;Chertok, Belov, and Abunin, 2018;Matthiä, Meier, and Berger, 2018;O'Brien, Mazur, and Looper, 2018;Redmon et al, 2018;Schillings et al, 2018;Yan et al, 2018;Bruno et al, 2019;Jiggens et al, 2019;Piersanti et al, 2019;Werner et al, 2019;Zou et al, 2019;Scolini et al, 2020;Hajra, Tsurutani, and Lakhina, 2020, and the references therein), there is no quantitative study of the magnetic reconnection for this period. The latter is the main topic of the present work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

September 2017 Space-Weather Events: A Study on Magnetic Reconnection and Geoeffectiveness

Hajra

2021

Sol Phys

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September 2017 was an extremely active space-weather period with multiple events leading to varying impacts on the Earth's magnetosphere. The geoeffectiveness of a space-weather event largely depends on the magnetic reconnection between the southward interplanetary magnetic field and the day-side northward geomagnetic field. In this work, we estimate the reconnection rates during two intense (SYM-H peak ≤ −100 nT) and two moderate (−50 nT ≥ SYM-H > −100 nT) geomagnetic storms, and a high-intensity longduration continuous auroral electrojet (AE) activity (HILDCAA) event in order to assess the contribution of the reconnection to resultant geomagnetic effects. Strong reconnection rates led to intense geomagnetic storms, while moderate-intensity geomagnetic storms were associated with discrete and weaker reconnection events. Comparatively weak magnetic reconnection continuing for a long interval of time led to the HILDCAA event. On average, a significant correlation was observed between the reconnection rates and geomagnetic-activity indices. However, the relationships are found to be more complex on shorter time-scales, varying from event to event. The importance of a quantitative study of the reconnection process for the prediction of geomagnetic activity is demonstrated.

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Geoelectric Field Evaluation During the September 2017 Geomagnetic Storm: MA.I.GIC. Model

Abstract: The space environment near Earth is constantly subjected to changes in the solar wind flow

Cited by 24 publications

References 58 publications

From the Sun to Earth: effects of the 25 August 2018 geomagnetic storm

From the Sun to Earth: effects of the 25 August 2018 geomagnetic storm

Effects of the 10 September 2017 Solar Flare on the Density and Composition of the Thermosphere of Mars

September 2017 Space-Weather Events: A Study on Magnetic Reconnection and Geoeffectiveness

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