Compound refractive lenses for novel X-ray sources

Piestrup, M. A.; Beguiristain, H. R.; Gary, C. K.; Cremer, Jay Theodore; Pantell, R. H.; Tatchyn, R.

doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(00)00244-5

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Decreasing the minimum wall thickness, d can further increase the transmission and the gain. The use of the CRLs at these x-ray energies can have wide application in synchrotron 4 -16 and novel 26 x-ray sources. For example, such CRLs could improve and enhance x-ray microscopy, 9 x-ray diffraction, and medical imaging 27 techniques.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large aperture compound lenses made of lithium

Cremer

Piestrup

Beguiristain

et al. 2003

Review of Scientific Instruments

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We have measured the intensity profile and transmission of x rays focused by a series of biconcave parabolic unit lenses fabricated in lithium. For specified focal length and photon energy lithium compound refractive lenses ͑CRL͒ have a larger transmission, aperture size, and gain compared to aluminum, kapton, and beryllium CRLs. The lithium compound refractive lens was composed of 335 biconcave, parabolic unit lenses each with an on-axis radius of curvature of 0.95 mm. Two-dimensional focusing was obtained at 8.0 keV with a focal length of 95 cm. The effective aperture of the CRL was measured to be 1030 m with on-axis ͑peak͒ transmissions of 27% and an on-axis intensity gain of 18.9.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large aperture compound lenses made of lithium

Cremer

Piestrup

Beguiristain

et al. 2003

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…Parabolic aperture radius R p is the central portion of the spherical lens that focuses X-rays to the same point. From wave approximation it is known [1,3,16] that the value may be calculated as:…”

Section: Lens Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projection-type x-ray microscope based on a spherical compound refractive x-ray lens

et al. 2007

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New projection-type X-ray microscope with a compound refractive lens as the optical element is presented. The microscope consists of an X-ray source that is 1-2 mm in diameter, compound X-ray lens and X-ray camera that are placed in-line to satisfy the lens formula. The lens forms an image of the X-ray source at camera sensitive plate. An object is placed between the X-ray source and the lens as close as possible to the source, and the camera shows a shadow image of the object. Spatial resolution of the microscope depends on the lens focal length, lens aperture and the distance from the source to the object. One to two micron resolution may be achieved by placing the object at a distance of 1-5 mm from the source. The X-ray source may be designed with the target deposited on a 200-µm thick Be window, which permits the object to be placed very close to the emitting surface. The tube focal spot is equal to 1-2 mm. Results of imaging experiments with an ordinary copper anode X-ray tube and a 10-cm focal length spherical compound refractive X-ray lens are discussed.

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“…[2][3][4] These cylindrical biconcave lenses form a compound refractive lens (CRL) that is capable of focusing and collimating x rays from 5 to 80 keV. Other CRLs were developed to obtain two-dimensional focusing that included the "coin" CRL [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and the "microcapillary" or "bubble" CRL. [13][14][15][16][17] The coin CRL is a series of thin disks with a spherical or parabolic dimple embossed on each side, stacked coaxially to form the CRL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13][14][15][16][17] The coin CRL is a series of thin disks with a spherical or parabolic dimple embossed on each side, stacked coaxially to form the CRL. [6][7][8][9][10] A bubble lens consists of a series of bubbles encased in an epoxy-filled glass capillary, the material between the bubbles forming a biconcave spherical lens. 13 The liquid or epoxy between the two bubbles forms the biconcave lens under the action of surface tension forces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microspot x-ray focusing using a short focal-length compound refractive lenses

Dudchik

Kolchevsky

Komarov

et al. 2004

Review of Scientific Instruments

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We have fabricated and tested short focal-length compound refractive lenses (CRLs) composed of microbubbles embedded in epoxy encased in glass capillaries. The interface between the bubbles formed 90 to 350 spherical biconcave microlenses reducing the overall focal length inversely by the number of lenses or bubbles. When compared with CRLs manufactured using other methods, the microbubble lenses have shorter focal lengths with higher transmissions and larger gains for moderate energy x rays (e.g., 7 -20 keV). We used beamline 2-3 at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and beamline 5BM-D-DND at the Advanced Photon Source to measure focal lengths between 100-250 mm with lens apertures varying between 97 and 321 m. Transmission profiles were measured giving, for example, a peak transmission of 46% for a 240 mm focal length CRL at 20 keV. The focal-spot sizes were also measured yielding, for example, a vertical spot size of 1.2 m resulting from an approximate 20-fold demagnification of the APS 23 m source size. The measured gains in intensity over that of unfocused beam were between 9 and 26.

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Compound refractive lenses for novel X-ray sources

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Large aperture compound lenses made of lithium

Large aperture compound lenses made of lithium

Projection-type x-ray microscope based on a spherical compound refractive x-ray lens

Microspot x-ray focusing using a short focal-length compound refractive lenses

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