Composting as a way to convert cellulosic biomass and organic waste into high-value soil amendments: A review

Hubbe, Martin A.; Nazhad, Mousa M.; Sánchez, C. Rueda

doi:10.15376/biores.5.4.2808-2854

Cited by 155 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 179 publications

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“…Members of the Actinobacteria have been reported as important biomass degraders (Ryckeboer et al 2003; Hubbe et al 2010; Wang et al 2016; Lewin et al 2016). In this study, 34.7 (compost55) and 15.8 % (compost76) of the assigned PLPs originated from Actinobacteria.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic screening for lipolytic genes reveals an ecology-clustered distribution pattern

Schneider

Daniel

2021

Preprint

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Lipolytic enzymes are one of the most important enzyme types for application in various industrial processes. Despite the continuously increasing demand, only a small portion of the so far encountered lipolytic enzymes exhibit adequate stability and activities for biotechnological applications. To explore novel and/or extremophilic lipolytic enzymes, microbial consortia in two composts at thermophilic stage were analyzed using function-driven and sequence-based metagenomic approaches. Analysis of community composition by amplicon-based 16S rRNA genes and transcripts, and direct metagenome sequencing revealed that the communities of the compost samples were dominated by members of the phyla Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Chloroflexi. Function-driven screening of the metagenomic libraries constructed from the two samples yielded 115 unique genes encoding lipolytic enzymes. The family assignment of these enzymes was conducted by analyzing the phylogenetic relationship and generation of a protein sequence similarity network according to an integral classification system. The sequence-based screening was performed by using a newly developed database, containing a set of profile Hidden Markov models, highly sensitive and specific for detection of lipolytic enzymes. By comparing the lipolytic enzymes identified through both approaches, we demonstrated that the activity-directed complements sequence-based detection, and vice versa. The sequence-based comparative analysis of lipolytic genes regarding diversity, function and taxonomic origin derived from 175 metagenomes indicated significant differences between habitats. Analysis of the prevalent and distinct microbial groups providing the lipolytic genes revealed characteristic patterns and groups driven by ecological factors. The here presented data suggests that the diversity and distribution of lipolytic genes in metagenomes of various habitats are largely constrained by ecological factors.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic screening for lipolytic genes reveals an ecology-clustered distribution pattern

Schneider

Daniel

2021

Preprint

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“…Cellulose-containing substrates are the main source of energy to drive the biological transformations and chemical changes that are associated with composting. Because the reaction proceeds through biochemical pathways, proteins and enzymes are essential, and there has to be a sufficient amount of nitrogen present in the mixture relative to the amount of carbon [ 35 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Air Permeability Performance of Novel Biobased Materials from Fungal Hyphae and Cellulose Fibers

et al. 2020

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Novel biobased materials from fungal hyphae and cellulose fibers have been proposed to address the increasing demand for natural materials in personal protective equipment (PPE). Materials containing commercially available kraft fibers (KF), laboratory-made highly fibrillated hemp fibers (HF) and fungal fibers (FF) obtained from fruiting bodies of lignicolous basidiomycetes growing in nature were prepared using paper production techniques and evaluated for their mechanical and air permeability properties. SEM and microscopy revealed the network structure of materials. The tensile index of materials was in the range of 8–60 Nm/g and air permeability ranged from 32–23,990 mL/min, depending on the composition of materials. HF was the key component for strength; however, the addition of FF to compositions resulted in higher air permeability. Chemical composition analysis (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) revealed the presence of natural polysaccharides, mainly cellulose and chitin, as well as the appropriate elemental distribution of components C, H and N. Biodegradation potential was proven by a 30-day-long composting in substrate, which resulted in an 8–62% drop in the C/N ratio. Conclusions were drawn about the appropriateness of fungal hyphae for use in papermaking-like technologies together with cellulose fibers. Developed materials can be considered as an alternative to synthetic melt and spun-blown materials for PPE.

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“…The degradation of lignocellulose compound depends on the microbes (Hubbe, Nazhad, & Sánchez, 2010). During the process of composting the microbes rst utilized the hemicellulose as the source of energy than the microbes utilize the cellulose.…”

Section: Cellulose Hemicellulose and Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of particle size on rotary drum composting of garden waste and their ranking using analytical hierarchy process

Mishra

Yadav

2021

Preprint

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Garden waste comprises of 15–18% fraction of total municipal solid waste generated. For composting of garden waste, particle size is an important factor for efficient degradation. The present study investigates role of varying particle size on compost quality. The garden waste was grinded using a shredder into varying size of particles, 0.5–1.5, 1.5-3.0, 3.0-4.5 and 4.5–7.5 cm diameter named as R1, R2, R3 and R4 respectively. 100 kg of garden waste mixed with 20 litre cow-dung slurry and 10 kg fresh compost and feed into the rotary drum for 45 days composting period. Thermophilic phase continued for 7, 8, 4 and 3 days in R1, R2, R3 and R4 reactor respectively. Total volatile solids reduction was 29.10, 31.20, 24.23 and 17.12 %, CO2 evolution rate was 4.92, 4.14, 6.18 and 8.16 mg/gVS/d, C/N ratio was 16.91, 15.05, 18.13 and 20.99, germination index was 92.00, 94.12, 85.21 and 81.20 in R1, R2, R3 and R4 reactor respectively after end of composting period. Reduction of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin was highest in R2 drum and lowest in R4. The percentage reduction of acid insoluble lignin was 36, 39, 29 and 27 % and the percentage reduction of acid soluble lignin was 48.85, 52.89, 43.39 and 36.97 % in combinations in R1, R2, R3 and R4 respectively after 45 days. As per analytical hierarchy process, performance of reactors was observed in the following trend, R2 > R1 > R3 > R4. Particle size range 1.5-3.0 cm diameter showed optimum size for efficient composting of garden waste.

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Composting as a way to convert cellulosic biomass and organic waste into high-value soil amendments: A review

Cited by 155 publications

References 179 publications

Metagenomic screening for lipolytic genes reveals an ecology-clustered distribution pattern

Metagenomic screening for lipolytic genes reveals an ecology-clustered distribution pattern

Mechanical and Air Permeability Performance of Novel Biobased Materials from Fungal Hyphae and Cellulose Fibers

Effect of particle size on rotary drum composting of garden waste and their ranking using analytical hierarchy process

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