Compositions and Biological Activities of Essential Oils of Kadsura longepedunculata and Schisandra sphenanthera

Abstract

The chemical compositions, antimicrobial activities, antioxidant activities and cytotoxicities of the essential oils isolated from the root of Kadsura longepedunculata Finet et Gagnep (KLREO) and the fruit of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wills. (SSFEO) were investigated.The analyses of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that cadinane type compounds and their derivatives were rich in both oils (54.2% and 39.7%, respectively) and delta-cadinene was the major component of both oils (13.8% and 25.6%, respectively). The antimicrobial activities of both oils were evaluated against five microorganisms with the disc diffusion and the broth micro-dilution method. Results showed that Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to both oils than Gram-negative bacteria and the yeast. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the oil of KLREO were lower than those of SSFEO, indicating that the former possessed slightly stronger antibacterial capability than the latter. The reducing power and lipid peroxidation assays were employed to study the potential antioxidant activities of both oils. Both oils remarkably decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in rat liver homogenate in a dose dependent manner. The antioxidant activities of KLREO appeared to be more potent than that of SSFEO. The oils of KLREO and SSFEO exhibited concentration-dependent cytotoxicities and were proved to be toxic to HepG2 cells with IC(50) of 147 and 189 mug/ml, respectively.

Postharvest Highbush Blueberry Fruit Antimicrobial Volatile Profiles in Relation to Anthracnose Fruit Rot Resistance

“…There was no clear relationship across all highbush blueberry cultivars studied for volatiles emitted (both quantitative and qualitative differences) and resistance to anthracnose fruit rot. Except for 8-hydroxylinalool, all of the aldehydes and terpenes identified as evolving from the highbush blueberry samples in this study have been reported to have antifungal properties, although not necessarily against C. acutatum (Archbold et al, 1997;Azaz et al, 2002;Carson and Riley, 1995;Cavaleiro et al, 2006;Corbo et al, 2000;Fraternale et al, 2004;Govinden-Soulange et al, 2004;Himejima et al, 1992;Lanciotti et al, 1999;Peana et al, 1999;Plotto et al, 2003;Raintree Nutrition Inc., 2004;Song et al, 2007;Tabanca et al, 2006Tabanca et al, , 2007Tepe et al, 2004;Wilson et al, 1997). Thus, the compounds we identified, although not correlated with anthracnose fruit rot resistance, may play a role in resistance to other highbush blueberry fruit diseases.…”

“…The incorporation of high concentrations of various antimicrobial volatiles, including hexanal and trans-2-hexenal, into the storage atmosphere of fresh produce has been shown to reduce postharvest decay (Corbo et al, 2000;Lanciotti et al, 1999). Most, if not all, terpenes emitted from highbush blueberry have antifungal activities and include 1,8cineole Wilson et al, 1997), caryophyllene (Raintree Nutrition Inc., 2004), cadinene (Song et al, 2007), a-farnesene (Govinden-Soulange et al, 2004), 2-and 3carene (Archbold et al, 1997;Cavaleiro et al, 2006;Himejima et al, 1992), limonene (Archbold et al, 1997;Himejima et al, 1992;Wilson et al, 1997), linalool (Carson and Riley, 1995;Fraternale et al, 2004;Plotto et al, 2003), terpinolene (Himejima et al, 1992), a-terpineol (Carson and Riley, 1995;Tepe et al, 2004), and a-terpinyl acetate (Peana et al, 1999). 8-Hydroxylinalool, another volatile emitted from highbush blueberry fruit, may have antifungal activity because oxygenated terpenes generally have more antifungal activity than nonoxygenated ones (Caccioni and Guizzardi, 1994;Knobloch et al, 1989).…”

Biological activity of the essential oil of Kadsura longipedunculata (Schisandraceae) and its major components

“…Previous findings confirmed that a few lignans and triterpenoids possess some beneficial biological effects, including anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, [6] anti‐hyperlipidaemic, [7] anti‐tumour and antiviral activity [8] . A previous study also reported that the essential oil from the roots of K. longipedunculata has antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity and also found δ ‐cadinene to be the main compound of the oil [9] . However, the contribution of the main components of the essential oil towards its biological activity has not been investigated.…”

Schisandrae semen essential oil attenuates oxidative stress-induced cell damage in C2C12 murine skeletal muscle cells through Nrf2-mediated upregulation of HO-1

“…Previous studies suggest that the major bioactive constituents of Schisandrae fructus are the essential oil (12)(13)(14) and lignans belonging to the dibenzocyclooctadiene type (15,16), and this has been intensively studied from the pharmacological and phytochemical perspectives. Previously, an essential oil purified from Schisandrae fructus, whose main chemical components are monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and aromatic compounds (17), has been shown to have various pharmacological potentials, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiseptic effects (13,(18)(19)(20). However, the seed sections of S. chinensis (Schisandrae semen) have been disregarded and unused.…”