Abstract:Use of maximums in the infrared emission of particulate surfaces for compositional remote sensing is a recent development that has not been thoroughly investigated. We show that experimental conditions, such as particle size and packing, background temperature, atmospheric pressure, and uniformity of sample heating, all affect the wavelength of the emission maximum and the contrast of the spectrum. These effects emphasize the necessity for laboratory study of emission spectra under conditions which simulate th… Show more
“…Measurements and samples acquired at the Surveyor and Apollo landing sites confirmed the diurnal temperature behavior, and the general physical and spectral properties of lunar soils deduced from ground based measurements (Stimpson and Lucas 1970;Cremers and Birkebak 1971;Keihm and Langseth 1973;Logan et al 1973;Salisbury et al 1973).…”
Section: Past Ground-based and Spacecraft Measurementssupporting
The Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment on NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter will be the first instrument to systematically map the global thermal state of the Moon and its diurnal and seasonal variability. Diviner will measure reflected solar and emitted infrared radiation in nine spectral channels with wavelengths ranging from 0.3 to 400 microns. The resulting measurements will enable characterization of the lunar thermal environment, mapping surface properties such as thermal inertia, rock abundance and silicate mineralogy, and determination of the locations and temperatures of volatile cold traps in the lunar polar regions.
“…Measurements and samples acquired at the Surveyor and Apollo landing sites confirmed the diurnal temperature behavior, and the general physical and spectral properties of lunar soils deduced from ground based measurements (Stimpson and Lucas 1970;Cremers and Birkebak 1971;Keihm and Langseth 1973;Logan et al 1973;Salisbury et al 1973).…”
Section: Past Ground-based and Spacecraft Measurementssupporting
The Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment on NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter will be the first instrument to systematically map the global thermal state of the Moon and its diurnal and seasonal variability. Diviner will measure reflected solar and emitted infrared radiation in nine spectral channels with wavelengths ranging from 0.3 to 400 microns. The resulting measurements will enable characterization of the lunar thermal environment, mapping surface properties such as thermal inertia, rock abundance and silicate mineralogy, and determination of the locations and temperatures of volatile cold traps in the lunar polar regions.
“…Near-in~ared spectrum of Otay bentonite, fipidolite, and phlogopite. Sample locations detailed in Table 1. index of the material matches that of the surrounding medium, known as the principal Christiansen frequency (Logan et aL, 1973). A mixture consisting of 5 wt.…”
Abstract--The highest frequency near-infrared (NIR) combination bands for specimens of four species of mica--montmorillonite-beidellite, illite, chlorite, and kaolinite--were correlated with respect to AI203 content. A direct linear correlation was found between the combination band positions and the AI203 contents of the montmorillonite-beidellite series, which may be given as: ~ cm -~ = (5.38 + 0.04) (%
“…jpl.nasa.gov, 2000). This band is termed the Christiansen frequency and it occurs where the refractive index of the mineral passes through unity; it is present on the short wavelength wing of an absorption band [Logan et al, 1973;Salisbury, 1993]. The wavelength position of the Christiansen frequency is positively correlated with the Al:(Al + Si) ratio (Figure 10) with one exception (ZEO130, mordenite).…”
[1] The 0.3-to 26-mm reflectance spectra of a suite of 28 zeolites were measured and analyzed to derive spectral-compositional-structural relationships. Below $7 mm, the spectra are largely dominated by absorption features associated with zeolitic water. At longer wavelengths, the spectra are dominated by absorption features associated with the aluminosilicate framework. The spectra exhibit a number of systematic variations which can be used for both structural and compositional determinations. These include: (1) distinguishing different structural groups on the basis of wavelength position variations associated with absorption features in the 8.5-to 26-mm region that are related to differences in the structure of the aluminosilicate framework; (2) determining the major cation which is present (Ca, Na, K) and the associated electronic environment of the zeolitic water on the basis of how these cations hydrogen bond to the water molecules in the void spaces and consequently affect water-related absorption band positions, particularly in the 1.4, 1.9, and 2.0-to 2.5-mm regions; (3) determining the Al:(Al + Si) ratio and SCFM chemical index on the basis of absorption features in the 7-to 26-mm region which are most sensitive to these compositional variations; and (4) identifying ironbearing zeolites on the basis of absorption features in the 0.35-to 0.9-mm region. The wavelength position and number of H 2 O-associated absorption bands are sensitive to factors such as the type of major cation, degree of hydrogen bonding, and size of the void space, all of which are somewhat interrelated.
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