Compositional and Microstructural Characterization of RuO2 ‐ TiO2 Catalysts Synthesized by the Sol‐Gel Method

Abstract

In this study RuO~/TiO2 mixtures were prepared from solution using Ti(i-OPr)4 and three different precursors for RuO2, RuNO(NO3)3, and RuC13 9 xH20 and tris (2, 4-pentanedionate) Ru(III). Multi-layer coatings were deposited by spin coating onto fused silica slides with and without an intermediate, 200 nm thick, vacuum deposited Ti film. Samples heat treated at 200, 300, and 400~ were studied by several techniques (Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), elastic recoil detection, (ERD), nuclear reaction analysis (NRA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (Y'rIR), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) to characterize morphological and compositional changes and to test the reproducibility of the preparation method. In all cases a single crystalline phase, the solid solution of the two component oxides, was detected by XRD. The films appeared to have a low density, and hydrogen and carbon were still found in the coatings after each heat treatment; their content was reduced only at 400~ for samples B and C. The surface of the films displayed increasing percentages of TiO2.

Pt/RuO2-TiO2Electrocatalysts Exhibit Excellent Hydrogen Evolution Activity in Alkaline Media

“…Figure 1a shows XRD patterns for RTO support and Pt/RTO catalyst along with the reference patterns of anatase TiO 2 , Pt and RuO 2 . 27 From the TEM images ( Figure 1b) the particle size of the RTO support was 20 ± 2.2 nm. The BET surface area of the support was 33 ± 1.15 m 2 · g −1 .…”

Rutile-type dense ceramics fabricated by pressureless sintering of Ti1−xRuxO2 powders prepared by sol–gel

“…Gerrard and Steele 10 reported the presence of separate RuO 2 -and TiO 2 -rich phases at 800 • C, for films prepared by the conventional thermal decomposition method, indicating that only a very limited solid solubility (less than 1.5 mol% RuO 2 ) was observed. Guglielmi et al 2 reported that for 30 mol% RuO 2 films prepared by sol-gel synthesis and calcined at 400 • C, a rutile solid solution is formed and observed by XRD as a unique phase. Kameyama et al 3 obtained rutile compositions with high RuO 2 content (80 at.%) at 450 • C for 3 h also by the sol-gel method but no dissolution of RuO 2 into TiO 2 was attained for compositions with less than 20 at.% of RuO 2 .…”

“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] In this regard, the sol-gel process may serve as a good approach to prepare oxide powders or films of this system and several studies have been found in the literature about it. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] The advantage of using this technique is that one could find electrode structures which possess in principle a uniform and homogeneous distribution of electrocatalytically active ruthenium contacts throughout the electrode microstructure, which is not possible to obtain by the conventional decomposition methods. However, a serious drawback in the processing of materials based on RuO 2 is the well-established chemical reactivity above ∼700 • C where RuO 2 becomes volatile and oxidizes to RuO 3 a vacuum).…”

Dióxido de titânio sol-gel: propriedades e comportamento eletrocrômico

“…Suas propriedades eletroquímicas 1-3 e suas potencialidades de aplicação como sensores [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] , em catálise [11][12] , cátodos em células recarregáveis a base de lítio e eletrólitos poliméricos 13 , e fotocatalisadores em processos de degradação de poluentes orgânicos [14][15][16] 35 . Eletrodos de grandes dimensões, numa escala industrial de produção de janelas eletrocrômicas, já são fabricados usandose a técnica de "dip-coating".…”