Composition, structure and properties of X-ray storage phosphors BaFBr1−x:Eu2+, Ce+3

Ruan, Shen-Kang; Wang, Mingwen; Du, Juan; Su, Mian-Zeng

doi:10.1016/s0925-8388(96)02745-4

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Similar results were published for the family BaFBr x I 1−x with 0 Ͻ x Ͻ 1. 13 Our data from spectroscopic and x-ray diffraction experiments on this latter set showed, however, an unexpected structural behavior which deviates from the published picture. In particular, ͑a͒ our Raman spectra showed more than the six lines observed in the pure MFX and in BaSrFCB; ͑b͒ Eu 2+ ions introduced as probes into these hosts produced an electron paramagnetic resonance ͑EPR͒ signal dominated by two well-defined tetragonal spectra; ͑c͒ single crystal diffraction data showed important anisotropic atomic displacement parameters of the metal and the fluorine ions when the data were resolved in the matlockite ͑PbFCl͒ structure.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

“…The results demonstrated that a varies linearly with increasing iodine content, i.e., Vegard's rule is followed. 13 This information allowed us to determine semiquantitatively the composition of a sample once its lattice constants had been determined. In the following we focus on the systems with bromine to iodine ratios of x Ӎ 0.5.…”

Section: A Diffraction Results On Bafbr X I 1−xmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ordering of the heavy anions in mixedBaFBr0.5I0.5crystals: Experimental results

Rey¹,

Bill²,

Hagemann³

et al. 2005

Phys. Rev. B

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Mixed matlokite hosts of composition BaFBr x I 1−x ͑0 ഛ x ഛ 1͒ ͑pure and doped with Sm 2+ , Eu 2+ ͒ were studied with x-ray crystallography, luminescence, Raman, and electron paramagnetic resonance ͑EPR͒ spectroscopy. Results are presented for BaFBr 0.5 I 0.5 which demonstrate that a ferrielectric domain structure is formed due to the fact that the heavy halogen ions form separate sublattices with randomly distributed domain walls. The space group of a domain is P4 mm ͑No. 99͒. The EPR data from Eu 2+ allowed to determine the volume fraction of domains.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

Section: A Diffraction Results On Bafbr X I 1−xmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ordering of the heavy anions in mixedBaFBr0.5I0.5crystals: Experimental results

Rey¹,

Bill²,

Hagemann³

et al. 2005

Phys. Rev. B

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“…The elements of barium, fluorine, bromine, iodine, and europium were detected in an elemental composition that corresponded to the compound BaFBr 0.85 I 0.15 :Eu 2+ which had a Z eff number of 49 as compared to the lower Z eff number of 18 for KCl:Eu 2+ . Previous studies showed that the presence of iodine resulted in an increase in the intensity of the PSL signal and the red‐shifting of the peak excitation wavelength 32 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies showed that the presence of iodine resulted in an increase in the intensity of the PSL signal and the red-shifting of the peak excitation wavelength. 32 Square samples of edge length 4 mm were then measured, cut out, and affixed onto cylindrical holders of 6 mm in diameter for ease of handling. They were then calibrated using reference proton fields under equal proton doses prior to any dosimetric or optical measurements.…”

Section: A Materials Characterization and Preparation Of Dosimetersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual‐storage phosphor proton therapy dosimetry: Simultaneous quantification of dose and linear energy transfer

et al. 2021

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To investigate the feasibility of using the high Z eff storage phosphor material BaFBrI:Eu 2+ in conjunction with the low Z eff storage phosphor material KCl:Eu 2+ for simultaneous proton dose and linear energy transfer (LET) measurements by (a) measuring the fundamental optical and dosimetric properties of BaFBrI:Eu 2+ , (b) evaluating its compatibility in being readout simultaneously with KCl:Eu 2+ dosimeters, and (c) modeling and validating its LET dependence under elevated proton LET irradiation. Methods: A commercial BaFBrI:Eu 2+ storage phosphor detector (Model ST-VI, Fujifilm) was characterized with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis to obtain its elemental composition. The dosimeters were irradiated using both a Mevion S250 proton therapy unit (at the center of a spread-out Bragg peak, SOBP) and a Varian Clinac iX linear accelerator with the latter being a low LET irradiation. The photostimulated luminescence (PSL) emission spectra, excitation spectra, and luminescent lifetimes of the detector were measured after proton and photon irradiations. Dosimetric properties including dose linearity, dose rate dependence, radiation hardness, temporal, and readout stabilities were studied using a laboratory optical reader after proton irradiations. In addition, its proton energy dependence was analytically modeled and experimentally validated by irradiating the detectors at various depths within the SOBP (Range: 15.0 g/ cm 2 , Modulation: 10.0 g/cm 2 ). Results: The active detector composition for the high Z eff storage phosphor detector was found to be BaFBr 0.85 I 0.15 :Eu 2+ . The BaFBr 0.85 I 0.15 :Eu 2+ material's excitation and emission spectra were in agreement under proton and photon irradiations, with peaks of 586 AE 1 nm and 400 AE 1 nm, respectively, with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 119 AE 3 nm and 30 AE 2 nm, respectively. As dosimeter response under photon irradiation is generally believed to be free from LET effect, these results suggest LET independence of charge storage center types resulted from ionizing radiations. There is sufficient spectral overlaps with KCl:Eu 2+ dosimeters allowing both dosimeters to be readout under equivalent readout conditions, that is, 594 nm stimulation and 420 nm detection wavelengths. Its PSL characteristic lifetime was found to be less than 5 microseconds which would make it suitable for fast 2D readout post irradiation. Its 420 nm emission band intensity was found to be linear up to 10 Gy absolute proton dose under the same irradiation conditions, dose rate independent, stable in time and under multiple readouts, and with high radiation hardness under cumulative proton dose histories up to 200 Gy as tested in this study. BaFBr 0.85 I 0.15 :Eu 2+ showed significant proton energy-dependent dose under-response in regions of high LET which could be modeled by stopping power ratio calculations with an accuracy of 3% in low LET regions and a distance-toagreement (DTA) of 1 mm in high LET regions (>5 keV/μm). Conclusion:We have proven the feasibi...

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Preparation and Properties of the X-ray Storage Phosphors BaFBr_1-xI_x:Eu²⁺, Na⁺

2002

Journal of Korean Sensors Society

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Composition, structure and properties of X-ray storage phosphors BaFBr1−x:Eu2+, Ce+3

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Ordering of the heavy anions in mixedBaFBr0.5I0.5crystals: Experimental results

Ordering of the heavy anions in mixedBaFBr0.5I0.5crystals: Experimental results

Dual‐storage phosphor proton therapy dosimetry: Simultaneous quantification of dose and linear energy transfer

Preparation and Properties of the X-ray Storage Phosphors BaFBr_1-xI_x:Eu²⁺, Na⁺

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Composition, structure and properties of X-ray storage phosphors BaFBr1−x:Eu2+, Ce+3

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Ordering of the heavy anions in mixedBaFBr0.5I0.5crystals: Experimental results

Ordering of the heavy anions in mixedBaFBr0.5I0.5crystals: Experimental results

Dual‐storage phosphor proton therapy dosimetry: Simultaneous quantification of dose and linear energy transfer

Preparation and Properties of the X-ray Storage Phosphors BaFBr1-xIx:Eu2+, Na+

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Preparation and Properties of the X-ray Storage Phosphors BaFBr_1-xI_x:Eu²⁺, Na⁺