Composition of trabecular and cortical bone

Abstract

A technique was devised for obtaining marrow-free trabecular bone so that the trabecular and cortical bone composition of dog, steer, monkey and man could be studied. Vertebral body was cut in the frontal plane into slices 2 m m thick with an electric band saw, The cortical bone encircling each slice was trimmed off with a cleaver, leaving intact a lacy slice of trabecular bone. The marrow substance was washed away by fine and powerful jets of tap water obtained from a n adjustable nozzle. Marrow washing was discontinued when no trace of red color was visible on holding the slice in front of a strong light source.The quantities of water, volatile inorganic, organic and ash fractions in cortical bone was alike for all species. Likewise, the trabecular bone fractions of each was quantitatively similar. In general, density and amount of ash in cortical bone was higher than that in trabecular bone. The water and ash:organic ratio were higher in trabecular than in cortical bones.Ratios of trabecular to cortical ash for the bones in an entire dog skeleton were also determined. Based on this, volume or mass of the various bone fraction may be estimated when the weight of the ash for any particular bone is known. Steer.1. Cortical bone.

Bone fibrillogenesis and mineralization: Quantitative analysis and implications for tissue elasticity

“…The experimental data of Lees et al [1979aLees et al [ , 1995Lees et al [ , 1983; Lees [1987Lees [ , 2003; Lees and Page [1992]; Biltz and Pellegrino [1969]; Gong et al [1964a]; Burns [1929]; Hammett [1925] refer to mass density determination according to Archimedes' principle: The mass of samples with a typical size of a few millimeters is measured in air. Hence, the respective value M air refers to a state of empty vascular and lacunar pores, but with wet extracellular (ec) bone matrix.…”

“…Given the characteristic size of vascular and lacunar pores, this requirement is standardly fulfilled. Still, care has to be taken that no air bubbles are entrapped when submerging the samples [Gong et al, 1964a]. Extracellular bone tissue mass densities as determined from Eqs.…”

“…Extracellular bone tissue mass densities as determined from Eqs. (1) and (2) have been documented by Lees et al [1979aLees et al [ , 1983; Lees [1987]; Lees and Page [1992]; Lees et al [1995]; Lees [2003]; Biltz and Pellegrino [1969]; Broz et al [1995]; Gong et al [1964a]; Burns [1929]; Hammett [1925], see Tables 1-5.…”

“…According to the protocol of Gong et al [1964a], bone samples with original weight of M air are dried at 80 for 72 hours, after which they exhibit mass M dry . Through Eqs.…”

A multiscale analytical approach for bone remodeling simulations: Linking scales from collagen to trabeculae

“…with the real mass densities of water, organics and hydroxyapatite amounting to ρ H 2 O ¼ 1 g=cm 3 , ρ org = 1.41 g/cm 3 [35], and ρ HA = 3 g/cm 3 [35][36][37]. From the volume fractions of (22), we retrieve the age-dependent tissue mass density ρ BM according to…”