“…Computational studies have tried to combine these different scales in various ways, such as the integration of phenomenological behaviors identified through a microscale mechanistic simulation into an existing mesoscale model (Phillips et al 2015;Villette and Phillips 2016), multiscale integration through a multistep homogenization method (Fritsch and Hellmich 2007;Scheiner et al 2013;Colloca et al 2014), and a combination of mesoscale neural network computation and macroscopic finite element analyses (Unger and Könke 2008;Hambli 2010Hambli , 2011Hambli et al 2011). These methods were based on a multiscale analytical approach, where bone structural information from microscale analyses was combined with macroscale bone mechanical properties.…”
To understand Wolff's law, bone adaptation by remodeling at the cellular and tissue levels has been discussed extensively through experimental and simulation studies. For the clinical application of a bone remodeling simulation, it is significant to establish a macroscopic model that incorporates clarified microscopic mechanisms. In this study, we proposed novel macroscopic models based on the microscopic mechanism of osteocytic mechanosensing, in which the flow of fluid in the lacuno-canalicular porosity generated by fluid pressure gradients plays an important role, and theoretically evaluated the proposed models, taking biological rationales of bone adaptation into account. The proposed models were categorized into two groups according to whether the remodeling equilibrium state was defined globally or locally, i.e., the global or local uniformity models. Each remodeling stimulus in the proposed models was quantitatively evaluated through image-based finite element analyses of a swine cancellous bone, according to two introduced criteria associated with the trabecular volume and orientation at remodeling equilibrium based on biological rationales. The evaluation suggested that nonuniformity of the mean stress gradient in the local uniformity model, one of the proposed stimuli, has high validity. Furthermore, the adaptive potential of each stimulus was discussed based on spatial distribution of a remodeling stimulus on the trabecular surface. The theoretical consideration of a remodeling stimulus based on biological rationales of bone adaptation would contribute to the establishment of a clinically applicable and reliable simulation model of bone remodeling.
“…Computational studies have tried to combine these different scales in various ways, such as the integration of phenomenological behaviors identified through a microscale mechanistic simulation into an existing mesoscale model (Phillips et al 2015;Villette and Phillips 2016), multiscale integration through a multistep homogenization method (Fritsch and Hellmich 2007;Scheiner et al 2013;Colloca et al 2014), and a combination of mesoscale neural network computation and macroscopic finite element analyses (Unger and Könke 2008;Hambli 2010Hambli , 2011Hambli et al 2011). These methods were based on a multiscale analytical approach, where bone structural information from microscale analyses was combined with macroscale bone mechanical properties.…”
To understand Wolff's law, bone adaptation by remodeling at the cellular and tissue levels has been discussed extensively through experimental and simulation studies. For the clinical application of a bone remodeling simulation, it is significant to establish a macroscopic model that incorporates clarified microscopic mechanisms. In this study, we proposed novel macroscopic models based on the microscopic mechanism of osteocytic mechanosensing, in which the flow of fluid in the lacuno-canalicular porosity generated by fluid pressure gradients plays an important role, and theoretically evaluated the proposed models, taking biological rationales of bone adaptation into account. The proposed models were categorized into two groups according to whether the remodeling equilibrium state was defined globally or locally, i.e., the global or local uniformity models. Each remodeling stimulus in the proposed models was quantitatively evaluated through image-based finite element analyses of a swine cancellous bone, according to two introduced criteria associated with the trabecular volume and orientation at remodeling equilibrium based on biological rationales. The evaluation suggested that nonuniformity of the mean stress gradient in the local uniformity model, one of the proposed stimuli, has high validity. Furthermore, the adaptive potential of each stimulus was discussed based on spatial distribution of a remodeling stimulus on the trabecular surface. The theoretical consideration of a remodeling stimulus based on biological rationales of bone adaptation would contribute to the establishment of a clinically applicable and reliable simulation model of bone remodeling.
“…A comprehensive multiscale model of bone remodelling multiscale model, accounting for hormonal regulation and biochemical coupling of bone cell populations is presented by [245]. Structural changes induced by osteoclasts and osteoblasts at the "cellscale" change bone density at higher-scales in the model proposed by [449].…”
Section: Clg-clg Clg-h a Clg-h 2 O H A-h A H A-mentioning
This paper provides a starting point for researchers and practitioners from biology, medicine, physics and engineering who can benefit from an up-to-date literature survey on patient-specific bone fracture modelling, simulation and risk analysis. This survey hints at a framework for devising realistic patient-specific bone fracture simulations. This paper has 18 sections: Section 1 presents the main interested parties; Section 2 explains the organzation of the text; Section 3 motivates further work on patient-specific bone fracture simulation; Section 4 motivates this survey; Section 5 concerns the collection of bibliographical references; Section 6 motivates the physico-mathematical approach to bone fracture; Section 7 presents the modelling of bone as a continuum; Section 8 categorizes the surveyed literature into a continuum mechanics framework; Section 9 concerns the computational modelling of bone geometry; Section 10 concerns the estimation of bone mechanical properties; Section 11 concerns the selection of boundary conditions representative of bone trauma; Section 12 concerns bone fracture simulation; Section 13 presents the multiscale structure of bone; Section 14 concerns the multiscale mathematical modelling of bone; Section 15 concerns the experimental validation of bone fracture simulations; Section 16 concerns bone fracture risk assessment. Lastly, glossaries for symbols, acronyms, and physico-mathematical terms are provided.
“…In modeling bone adaptation, one approach is to explicitly account for bone remodeling although mathematical models of bone remodeling are themselves relatively untested . Various authors adopted a multiscale modeling approach, implementing analytical scale‐bridging relationships from the mineral constituent scale through the bone tissue scale along with a cell‐scale bone remodeling algorithm. Due to challenges in measuring bone remodeling activity parameters in a specimen specific manner, the above model predictions relating to the evolution of bone mineral content with time could only be compared against a micro finite element simulation with identical initial bone mineral content and cellular activity parameters.…”
Section: Multiscale Models Of the Musculoskeletal Systemmentioning
More and more frequently, computational biomechanics deals with problems where the portion of physical reality to be modeled spans over such a large range of spatial and temporal dimensions, that it is impossible to represent it as a single space–time continuum. We are forced to consider multiple space–time continua, each representing the phenomenon of interest at a characteristic space–time scale. Multiscale models describe a complex process across multiple scales, and account for how quantities transform as we move from one scale to another. This review offers a set of definitions for this emerging field, and provides a brief summary of the most recent developments on multiscale modeling in biomechanics. Of all possible perspectives, we chose that of the modeling intent, which vastly affect the nature and the structure of each research activity. To the purpose we organized all papers reviewed in three categories: ‘causal confirmation,’ where multiscale models are used as materializations of the causation theories; ‘predictive accuracy,’ where multiscale modeling is aimed to improve the predictive accuracy; and ‘determination of effect,’ where multiscale modeling is used to model how a change at one scale manifests in an effect at another radically different space–time scale. Consistent with how the volume of computational biomechanics research is distributed across application targets, we extensively reviewed papers targeting the musculoskeletal and the cardiovascular systems, and covered only a few exemplary papers targeting other organ systems. The review shows a research subdomain still in its infancy, where causal confirmation papers remain the most common. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2017, 9:e1375. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1375For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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