Patient-Specific Bone Multiscale Modelling, Fracture Simulation and Risk Analysis—A Survey

Abstract

This paper provides a starting point for researchers and practitioners from biology, medicine, physics and engineering who can benefit from an up-to-date literature survey on patient-specific bone fracture modelling, simulation and risk analysis. This survey hints at a framework for devising realistic patient-specific bone fracture simulations. This paper has 18 sections: Section 1 presents the main interested parties; Section 2 explains the organzation of the text; Section 3 motivates further work on patient-specific bone fracture simulation; Section 4 motivates this survey; Section 5 concerns the collection of bibliographical references; Section 6 motivates the physico-mathematical approach to bone fracture; Section 7 presents the modelling of bone as a continuum; Section 8 categorizes the surveyed literature into a continuum mechanics framework; Section 9 concerns the computational modelling of bone geometry; Section 10 concerns the estimation of bone mechanical properties; Section 11 concerns the selection of boundary conditions representative of bone trauma; Section 12 concerns bone fracture simulation; Section 13 presents the multiscale structure of bone; Section 14 concerns the multiscale mathematical modelling of bone; Section 15 concerns the experimental validation of bone fracture simulations; Section 16 concerns bone fracture risk assessment. Lastly, glossaries for symbols, acronyms, and physico-mathematical terms are provided.

Biomimetic Silk Fibroin Hydrogels Strengthened by Silica Nanoparticles Distributed Nanofibers Facilitate Bone Repair

“…Recent studies have focused on evaluating the efficacy of bone tissue‐engineered materials in treating clinical bone defects associated with trauma, cancer, and bone diseases. [ 1,2 ]…”

“…Recent studies have focused on evaluating the efficacy of bone tissue-engineered materials in treating clinical bone defects associated with trauma, cancer, and bone diseases. [1,2] Silk fibroin (SF)-based scaffolds in different forms such as film, hydrogel, or aerogel have been widely evaluated in bone into the SF hydrogel as a new method for mechanical reinforcement and osteoinduction improvement to facilitate bone repair. Moreover, mechanical reinforcement by SiNPs@NFs narrows the gap in mechanical strengths between the bone-tissue engineered hydrogels and native bone tissues as well as other nanofibers (NFs)-reinforced hydrogels.…”

Damage Function of a Quasi-Brittle Material, Damage Rate, Acceleration and Jerk during Uniaxial Compression: Model and Application to Analysis of Trabecular Bone Tissue Destruction

“…As it was noted in the comments to Equations ( 6) and (7), in this study, it was assumed that the effective modulus of elasticity, like Young's modulus, is the same for the material of all particles and does not change during loading. However, damage and disconnection of the weakest particles lead to a decrease in sample stiffness during loading step by step.…”

“…Additional data can be obtained using mathematical modeling [27]. Nevertheless, despite the rapid development of mathematical models predicting the accumulation of damage during loading of quasibrittle materials, a number of questions remain open [7]. The most pressing issues are related to the determination of the rate and other kinetic characteristics of damage to quasi-brittle materials, primarily trabecular bone tissue.…”

“…The structure and functions of the trabecular bone tissue have been studied for hundreds of years [5], but a number of problems remain relevant [6]. The relevance of the topic and the practical significance of the presented work are determined by the fact that the solution of this problem is necessary to improve the understanding of the structure and function of the trabecular bone tissue, which will contribute to a more accurate prediction of the risk of bone fractures [7].…”