Composition of Shale Oil

Cady, W.E.; Seelig, Herman S.

doi:10.1021/ie50515a044

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…As noted in the literature [31,32], aliphatic hydrocarbons are the major components of shale oil. Yürüm and Levy [32] carried out researches on the fractions of crude shale oil and found that the content of aliphatics was 53.45%.…”

Section: Distribution Of N-alkanesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Characterization of Dachengzi Oil Shale Fast Pyrolysis by Curie-Point Pyrolysis-Gc-MS

Huang¹,

Han²,

Jiang³

2015

Oil Shale

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Fast pyrolysis of a Dachengzi oil shale sample was studied using a Curie-point pyrolyzer, the pyrolysis products were characterized online by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Nine different Curie-point temperatures were chosen to investigate product distribution regularities. Hydrocarbons were the major components of the fast pyrolysis products of oil shale. n-Alkanes were generated at all the nine temperatures, while cycloalkanes only appeared at the temperatures above 485 °C. Branched alkanes were seldom produced at all the temperature points because of the bond cleavage at the branch point. Alkenes and aromatic compounds began to be formed at 386 °C and 423 °C separately, and their molecule sizes decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Various oxygen-containing compounds, including ketones, acids, alcohols, esters and phenols, were identified in the shale oil components, indicating the wide existence of oxygen-containing functional groups.

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Section: Distribution Of N-alkanesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Characterization of Dachengzi Oil Shale Fast Pyrolysis by Curie-Point Pyrolysis-Gc-MS

Huang¹,

Han²,

Jiang³

2015

Oil Shale

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“…Given the large number of heteroatoms, a significant portion of the compounds in shale oil contain heteroatoms. In Green River shale oil, for instance, 61% of the compounds contained a heteroatom [37].…”

Section: Composition Of Shale Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…organic acids and benzofurans [34,41,44]. Hydroxypyridines can also be present [45], and shale oil often contains olefins [34,37,41]. As mentioned, the exact composition of a shale oil depends on the composition of the raw oil shale and the retorting/processing methods used, and large differences in composition can be seen between different shale oils.…”

Section: Composition Of Shale Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In conventional petroleum there is more sulfur and nitrogen in the higher boiling portions of the crude [36]. Although this trend also generally holds for the nitrogen in shale oils, sulfur and oxygen compounds are often most concentrated in lower boiling fractions [33,37,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. Thus, separating out lighter portions of shale oil via distillation may actually increase the concentration of heteroatoms in the distillate.…”

Section: Composition Of Shale Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Desulfurization, denitrogenation and deoxygenation of shale oil

Baird¹,

Oja²,

Rang³

2021

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Producing valuable transportation fuels from shale oil has long been a goal among the industries concerned, but to meet modern environmental regulations a significant upgrading is required involving removing heteroatoms from it. The quantity of sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen in shale oil is one of the major obstacles to its wider use. Unlike petroleum whose upgrading consists mainly in desulfurization, for shale oils denitrification and deoxygenation are also important. This review compiles and summarizes the extensive research that has been performed on removing sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen from shale oil. By far the most widely investigated method has been hydrotreatment, but the results of work done with other methods are also presented.

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“…3 For petroleum fuels densities and other properties can often be estimated by using equations of state and empirical correlations, but prediction methods based on conventional fuels may not perform accurately for shale oils because of their different composition. [3][4][5][6][7] For this reason, prior experimental verification is necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and Pressure Dependence of Density of a Shale Oil and Derived Thermodynamic Properties

Baird

Uusi–Kyyny

Järvik

et al. 2018

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The temperature and pressure dependence of density was measured experimentally from 293 to 473 K and 0.1 to 12 MPa for a shale oil produced from Kukersite oil shale in Estonia. The shale oil sample was a fuel oil fraction of a whole oil produced in a commercial plant that uses solid heat carrier retorting technology. The fraction had a boiling range of approximately 460 to 780 K and contained significant quantities of polar phenolic compounds (hydroxyl group content of 5.3 wt%). The effect of these compounds on the properties of the oil was investigated by removing most of the phenolic compounds via extraction to create the second sample (dephenolated sample with hydroxyl group content of 1.1 wt%). The dephenolation resulted in a shale oil with a composition being more similar to that of other shale oils from well explored deposits. Based on a review of the literature, this is the first experimental data on the pressure dependence of density for this shale oil, and shale oils generally. Thermal expansion coefficients, isothermal compressibilities and speeds of sound were calculated from the experimental data. Empirical relationships describing the temperature dependence of the heat capacities between 288 and 423 K at atmospheric pressure are also presented here.

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Composition of Shale Oil

Cited by 27 publications

References 5 publications

Characterization of Dachengzi Oil Shale Fast Pyrolysis by Curie-Point Pyrolysis-Gc-MS

Characterization of Dachengzi Oil Shale Fast Pyrolysis by Curie-Point Pyrolysis-Gc-MS

Desulfurization, denitrogenation and deoxygenation of shale oil

Temperature and Pressure Dependence of Density of a Shale Oil and Derived Thermodynamic Properties

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